论文部分内容阅读
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
Words: 314Suggested time: 6 minutes
Scientists have discovered that stored blood loses a life-saving gas. This discovery may explain why a great number of people get sick after receiving stored blood.
In recent years, experts have wondered why patients who should survive sometimes die after receiving a blood transfusion. The cause of death is often a heart attack or stroke.
Jonathan Stamler is a professor of medicine at Duke University in North Carolina. He and other researchers found that stored blood has very low levels of nitric oxide. Nitric oxide is a gas found in red blood cells. The gas helps to keep blood passages open so that oxygen in the cells can reach the heart and other organs.
Professor Stamler and his team found that nitric oxide in blood begins to break down as soon as the blood is collected. Their findings were reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Another team of Duke University scientists carried out a separate study. Professor Stamler says the second study found that the breakdown of nitric oxide begins within hours of blood collection.
He says the life-saving gas is partly lost after three hours. And about seventy percent of it is lost after just one day. As a result, he says, there is almost no time that stored blood has enough nitric oxide.
The researchers tested their findings on dogs. They found that low levels of nitric oxide reduced the flow of blood in the animals.
However, Professor Stamler says the scientists corrected the situation. They added nitric oxide to the stored blood given to the dogs. He says the extra nitric oxide repaired the ability of red blood cells to expand blood passages.
Professor Stamler says people who are in serious need of a blood transfusion should have one. But he says more studies are needed to show who would receive the most help from stored blood.
1. Nitric oxide is called a life-saving gas because_____________.
A. it can help the patients to keep normal breath
B. it can keep the levels of oxygen in the stored blood
C. it can make sure that the organs will get oxygen in the cells
D. it is difficult to keep the levels of nitric oxide inthe cells
2. What made Professor Stamler and his team do theresearch on stored blood?
A. They hoped to find a way to prevent heart attacks.
B. The reason that causeds some deaths because of the use of stored blood.
C. The reason why nitric oxide broke down in stored blood.
D. How to add nitric oxide to the stored blood.
3. We can learn from the last paragraph that____________ .
A. more studies on blood transfusion in animals are needed
B. how to expand blood passages should be further tested
C. Professor Stamler suggests experts are to blame for blood transfusion
D. Professor Stamler advises caution in blood transfusion
4. Which of the following is not TRUE according to the passage?
A. It is helpful to add nitric oxide to the stored blood.
B. nitric oxide reduces after the blood is collected.
C. All people renvain safe after receiving a bloodtransfusion.
D. Many people get sick after receiving stored blood.
5. The main purpose of the passage is ____________.
A. to report the latest research achievements on storedblood
B. to introduce the procedure for the research on stored blood
C. to warn people of the danger of blood transfusion
D. to help people to receive better blood transfusion
答案与解析:
1. C细节理解题。从文中第三段最后一句“Nitric oxide is a gas found in red blood cells. The gas helps to keep blood passages open so that oxygen in the cells can reach the heart and other organs.”即可找到答案。
2. B细节理解题。从文中第二、三段便可得出正确答案。
3. D推理判断题。从文章的最后一段,Stamler教授建议到底谁最需要输血还需要作进一步的研究,我们可以看出在输血问题上他持谨慎的态度。故选项D是正确答案。
4. C细节理解题。选项A、B、D在文中都能找到,只有选项C没有提到。
5. A主旨大意题。通读全文便知,本文主要介绍了科学家们在库存血方面的最新研究成果。
B
Words: 343Suggested time: 7 minutes
Until March 28, the fate of the gray wolf in the Rocky Mountains was in the hands of the federal government because the wolf was listed as an endangered species. But once it was removed from the list—a decision that is being challenged in court by a dozen conservation groups—the gray wolf fell under the protection of individual states. That is turning out to mean almost no protection at all.
Idaho’s Fish and Game department announced last week that it would allow 428 of the state’s estimated 1,000 wolves to die this year. Some will die of natural causes. Most will be killed by hunters.
Idaho officials argue that the remaining population will still be larger than the very small number to be protected in the original federal wolf recovery plans. But Idaho’s Fish and Game department has overruled its own staff biologists, who for the good of the wolf population—and the ecosystem(生态系统) as a whole—argued that more animals should be allowed to survive.
Sadly, in Idaho, wolves are nothing more than another game animal to be managed for the benefit of human hunters.
Beginning on Sept. 15, any Idaho hunter with a hunting license and $10.50 for a wolf tag will be entitled to shoot one wolf, at least until the quota(限额) of dead wolves in his region has been reached. And how will a hunter know if the local quota has been reached? There will be a hot line, of course.
Hunters will be encouraged not to shoot wolves wearing radio collars because those wolves are still being studied. Perhaps the solution is to fit all wolves with radio collars.
It is still possible that Idaho’s wolves—and the wolves in other states—will get a reprieve. A federal judge will soon decide whether to support or object to the government’s decision to delist the gray wolf. We hope he will restore the wolf to the endangered species list. There is no better proof of how dangerous life is for wolves than Idaho’s plan to protect them.
6. From the first paragraph, we can know that ____________.
A. the gray wolf was not listed as an endangeredspecies until March 28
B. in the author’s opinion, individual states will not protect the gray wolf well
C. the gray wolf fell under the protection of individual states when it was listed as an endangered species
D. it’s up to the federal government to protect the gray wolf after it was removed from the list
7. Idaho officials permit a certain number of gray wolves to be hunted because ________.
A. some will die of natural causes if they are not killed by hunters
B. hunters kill gray wolves for the good of the wolf population
C. they argue that more animals should be allowed to survive
D. the wolves left will still be more than those to be protected
8. The underlined word reprieve in the last paragraph mean?
A. probably means an official order to put gray wolves back on endangered list.
B. to remove the gray wolf from the list of endangered species.
C. to permit 428 of the state’s estimated 1,000 wolves to be hunted.
D. to fit all wolves with radio collars.
9. What does the author think of Idaho’s plan to protect gray wolves?
A. Wolves are only a game animal to be managed for the benefit of human hunters.
B. There is no better plan to protect gray wolves than Idaho’s plan.
C. It will restore the wolf to the endangered species list.
D. It’s a danger to the life of the gray wolf.
10. The author will agree to the point of view of____.
A. Idaho’s Fish and Game department
B. Idaho’s officials
C. staff biologists in Idaho’s Fish and Game department
D. the federal judge
答案与解析:
6. B细节理解题。从文章第一段最后部分便即可找到答案。
7. D细节理解题。从文章第二段和第三段中的“Idaho officials argue that the remaining population will still be larger than the very small number to be protected in the original federal wolf recovery plans.”这句话即可得出答案。
8. A词汇猜测题。根据上下文可以推断出该词的意思。
9. D细节理解题。从文章最后一段的“There is no better proof of how dangerous life is for wolves than Idaho’s plan to protect them.”这句话可知正确答案。
10. C细节理解题。从文章第三段最后部分可知staff biologists的观点与作者的观点基本相同。
A
Words: 314Suggested time: 6 minutes
Scientists have discovered that stored blood loses a life-saving gas. This discovery may explain why a great number of people get sick after receiving stored blood.
In recent years, experts have wondered why patients who should survive sometimes die after receiving a blood transfusion. The cause of death is often a heart attack or stroke.
Jonathan Stamler is a professor of medicine at Duke University in North Carolina. He and other researchers found that stored blood has very low levels of nitric oxide. Nitric oxide is a gas found in red blood cells. The gas helps to keep blood passages open so that oxygen in the cells can reach the heart and other organs.
Professor Stamler and his team found that nitric oxide in blood begins to break down as soon as the blood is collected. Their findings were reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Another team of Duke University scientists carried out a separate study. Professor Stamler says the second study found that the breakdown of nitric oxide begins within hours of blood collection.
He says the life-saving gas is partly lost after three hours. And about seventy percent of it is lost after just one day. As a result, he says, there is almost no time that stored blood has enough nitric oxide.
The researchers tested their findings on dogs. They found that low levels of nitric oxide reduced the flow of blood in the animals.
However, Professor Stamler says the scientists corrected the situation. They added nitric oxide to the stored blood given to the dogs. He says the extra nitric oxide repaired the ability of red blood cells to expand blood passages.
Professor Stamler says people who are in serious need of a blood transfusion should have one. But he says more studies are needed to show who would receive the most help from stored blood.
1. Nitric oxide is called a life-saving gas because_____________.
A. it can help the patients to keep normal breath
B. it can keep the levels of oxygen in the stored blood
C. it can make sure that the organs will get oxygen in the cells
D. it is difficult to keep the levels of nitric oxide inthe cells
2. What made Professor Stamler and his team do theresearch on stored blood?
A. They hoped to find a way to prevent heart attacks.
B. The reason that causeds some deaths because of the use of stored blood.
C. The reason why nitric oxide broke down in stored blood.
D. How to add nitric oxide to the stored blood.
3. We can learn from the last paragraph that____________ .
A. more studies on blood transfusion in animals are needed
B. how to expand blood passages should be further tested
C. Professor Stamler suggests experts are to blame for blood transfusion
D. Professor Stamler advises caution in blood transfusion
4. Which of the following is not TRUE according to the passage?
A. It is helpful to add nitric oxide to the stored blood.
B. nitric oxide reduces after the blood is collected.
C. All people renvain safe after receiving a bloodtransfusion.
D. Many people get sick after receiving stored blood.
5. The main purpose of the passage is ____________.
A. to report the latest research achievements on storedblood
B. to introduce the procedure for the research on stored blood
C. to warn people of the danger of blood transfusion
D. to help people to receive better blood transfusion
答案与解析:
1. C细节理解题。从文中第三段最后一句“Nitric oxide is a gas found in red blood cells. The gas helps to keep blood passages open so that oxygen in the cells can reach the heart and other organs.”即可找到答案。
2. B细节理解题。从文中第二、三段便可得出正确答案。
3. D推理判断题。从文章的最后一段,Stamler教授建议到底谁最需要输血还需要作进一步的研究,我们可以看出在输血问题上他持谨慎的态度。故选项D是正确答案。
4. C细节理解题。选项A、B、D在文中都能找到,只有选项C没有提到。
5. A主旨大意题。通读全文便知,本文主要介绍了科学家们在库存血方面的最新研究成果。
B
Words: 343Suggested time: 7 minutes
Until March 28, the fate of the gray wolf in the Rocky Mountains was in the hands of the federal government because the wolf was listed as an endangered species. But once it was removed from the list—a decision that is being challenged in court by a dozen conservation groups—the gray wolf fell under the protection of individual states. That is turning out to mean almost no protection at all.
Idaho’s Fish and Game department announced last week that it would allow 428 of the state’s estimated 1,000 wolves to die this year. Some will die of natural causes. Most will be killed by hunters.
Idaho officials argue that the remaining population will still be larger than the very small number to be protected in the original federal wolf recovery plans. But Idaho’s Fish and Game department has overruled its own staff biologists, who for the good of the wolf population—and the ecosystem(生态系统) as a whole—argued that more animals should be allowed to survive.
Sadly, in Idaho, wolves are nothing more than another game animal to be managed for the benefit of human hunters.
Beginning on Sept. 15, any Idaho hunter with a hunting license and $10.50 for a wolf tag will be entitled to shoot one wolf, at least until the quota(限额) of dead wolves in his region has been reached. And how will a hunter know if the local quota has been reached? There will be a hot line, of course.
Hunters will be encouraged not to shoot wolves wearing radio collars because those wolves are still being studied. Perhaps the solution is to fit all wolves with radio collars.
It is still possible that Idaho’s wolves—and the wolves in other states—will get a reprieve. A federal judge will soon decide whether to support or object to the government’s decision to delist the gray wolf. We hope he will restore the wolf to the endangered species list. There is no better proof of how dangerous life is for wolves than Idaho’s plan to protect them.
6. From the first paragraph, we can know that ____________.
A. the gray wolf was not listed as an endangeredspecies until March 28
B. in the author’s opinion, individual states will not protect the gray wolf well
C. the gray wolf fell under the protection of individual states when it was listed as an endangered species
D. it’s up to the federal government to protect the gray wolf after it was removed from the list
7. Idaho officials permit a certain number of gray wolves to be hunted because ________.
A. some will die of natural causes if they are not killed by hunters
B. hunters kill gray wolves for the good of the wolf population
C. they argue that more animals should be allowed to survive
D. the wolves left will still be more than those to be protected
8. The underlined word reprieve in the last paragraph mean?
A. probably means an official order to put gray wolves back on endangered list.
B. to remove the gray wolf from the list of endangered species.
C. to permit 428 of the state’s estimated 1,000 wolves to be hunted.
D. to fit all wolves with radio collars.
9. What does the author think of Idaho’s plan to protect gray wolves?
A. Wolves are only a game animal to be managed for the benefit of human hunters.
B. There is no better plan to protect gray wolves than Idaho’s plan.
C. It will restore the wolf to the endangered species list.
D. It’s a danger to the life of the gray wolf.
10. The author will agree to the point of view of____.
A. Idaho’s Fish and Game department
B. Idaho’s officials
C. staff biologists in Idaho’s Fish and Game department
D. the federal judge
答案与解析:
6. B细节理解题。从文章第一段最后部分便即可找到答案。
7. D细节理解题。从文章第二段和第三段中的“Idaho officials argue that the remaining population will still be larger than the very small number to be protected in the original federal wolf recovery plans.”这句话即可得出答案。
8. A词汇猜测题。根据上下文可以推断出该词的意思。
9. D细节理解题。从文章最后一段的“There is no better proof of how dangerous life is for wolves than Idaho’s plan to protect them.”这句话可知正确答案。
10. C细节理解题。从文章第三段最后部分可知staff biologists的观点与作者的观点基本相同。