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对南方丘陵区3种不同母质水稻土时间序列黏粒矿物的X-射线衍射(XRD)进行分析发现:1紫色砂页岩(PS)母质起源土壤的黏粒矿物以高岭石类似矿物为主;第四纪红黏土(RC)母质起源土壤的黏粒矿物以高岭石类似矿物、伊利石类似矿物与三羟铝石为主;红砂岩(RS)母质起源土壤的黏粒矿物以1.4 nm过渡矿物、高岭石类似矿物与三羟铝石为主。2这3种母质土壤种稻后黏粒矿物的变化大体可分为2种情况。RC与RS母质的起源土壤种稻后,土壤黏粒矿物的变化相对较小,伊利石类似矿物相对含量有所增加,这可能主要与钾肥的持续施用有关。PS母质的起源土壤种稻后,土壤黏粒矿物变化相对较大,表现为高岭石类似矿物相对含量降低,低结晶度的伊利石或次生绿泥石与三羟铝石相对含量上升。PS母质发育的土壤种稻后脱钾明显且主要集中在原生矿物部分。这种原生矿物的脱钾作用对土壤黏粒含量和黏粒矿物的类型都有较大影响。3起源土壤的黏粒矿物通常会被水稻土所继承,并在水稻土发育过程中相对稳定,可以用其来指示起源土壤(或母质)的物源组分。
X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of time-series clay minerals from three different parental paddy soils in the hilly region of the southern China found that: 1) The clay minerals of the origin of the purple sandstone (PS) parent material are dominated by kaolinite-like minerals ; The clay minerals of Quaternary red clay (RC) parent origins are mainly kaolinite-like minerals, illite-like minerals and bayerite; the clay minerals of the origins of red sandstone (RS) Transitional minerals, kaolinite-like minerals and bayerite-based. The change of clay minerals in the three parent soils can be divided into two kinds. The origin of RC and RS parent materials After soils in paddy soil, the change of clay minerals in soil is relatively small, and the relative content of illite similar minerals is increased, which may be mainly related to the continuous application of potash fertilizer. Origin of PS Parent Material After soils were inoculated with soils, the clay minerals in the soil changed relatively larger, showing a decrease in the relative content of similar minerals in the kaolinite. The relative content of illite or secondary chlorite and bayerite increased in low crystallinity. The soil with PS parent material is obviously detoxified and mainly concentrated in the primary mineral part after paddy cultivation. The de-potash effect of this primary mineral has a great influence on the clay content and the types of clay minerals. 3 The clay minerals of the origin soil are usually inherited by paddy soil and are relatively stable during paddy soil development. They can be used to indicate the source components of the origin soil (or parent material).