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多斑岭鳅(Oreonectes polystigmus)是营洞穴生活的鱼类,嗅觉器官在其生活中发挥了重要作用。本文对保藏于中国科学院动物研究所鱼类标本馆的4尾多斑岭鳅标本进行解剖,利用扫描电镜观察多斑岭鳅嗅囊上皮超微结构,以期了解嗅觉器官适应洞穴黑暗环境而产生的形态适应。多斑岭鳅的嗅囊呈椭圆型,嗅囊长径平均为2.27 mm,嗅囊长径与眼径比平均为1.36,揭示其为“嗅觉”鱼类。其嗅轴为直线型,嗅囊腔内对称紧密排列2排嗅板,嗅板数为22~24个。单个嗅板呈卜状亚型,舌状突起较发达。观察发现,非感觉纤毛连续广布在嗅板各个部位,但在嗅板近嗅轴处较少,此处裸露的表皮多褶皱,其上分布很多细微小孔。感觉纤毛主要分布于非感觉纤毛分布较稀疏的地方。上皮表面微绒毛多,一般在非感觉纤毛下,前后两端嗅板上的微绒毛数量相对较少。多斑岭鳅嗅囊水动力机制应属嗅上皮纤毛运动机制。嗅孔分布不均,中间嗅板上的嗅孔较嗅轴前、后分布的嗅板为多,同一嗅板上近嗅轴处的嗅孔最多。由于纤毛分布不均,嗅上皮可分为裸露区和非裸露区,一般裸露区和非裸露区边界清晰,嗅轴上非感觉纤毛和微绒毛主要分布在非裸露区的凹槽里。嗅轴和嗅板近嗅轴处裸露区面积较大,嗅轴裸露区上皮被一系列的连续的微脊切割成多边形,多边形内具有许多隆起与小孔。嗅轴处正是嗅囊中水流回流的区域,为感受水中气味的重要位置,推测与洞穴生活的习性有密切关系。多斑岭鳅嗅囊形态属于G型,这类鱼类其嗅觉功能在鱼类生命活动中发挥了重要作用。同近缘的地表种相比,多斑岭鳅具有较多的嗅板数目、较多数量感觉纤毛和微绒毛,且其嗅囊长径与眼球径比值大于1,这些都揭示了其为“嗅觉”鱼类,表现出了对洞穴黑暗环境的适应。
Oreonectes polystigmus is a fish that lives in caves and olfactory organs play an important role in their life. In this paper, 4 specimens of Acipenser molitrix collected from the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences were dissected, and the ultrastructure of the olfactory epithelium was observed with scanning electron microscopy in order to understand that the olfactory organs adapt to the dark environment of the cave Shape adaptation. The oocysts of the loach were oval. The average length of the olfactory vesicles was 2.27 mm. The average length of the olfactory vesicles and the diameter of the eye were 1.36, which revealed that they were “olfactory” fish. The olfactory axis of the straight type, symmetrical olfactory cyst cavity arranged in rows of two rows of snuff plate, snuff plate number of 22 to 24. A single olfactory plate was Bu subtype, tongue protrusion more developed. Observation found that non-sensory cilia continuously widely distributed in all parts of the olfactory plate, but near the olfactory plate near the olfactory axis, where the uncovered epidermis more folds, the distribution of many small holes. Cilia are mainly found in the distribution of non-sensory cilia sparsely populated areas. Epidermal microvilli and more, usually in the non-sensory cilia, both ends of the olfactory plate on the number of microvilli is relatively small. Hydroponic mechanism of snakebite in Pedigree loach should belong to the mechanism of snort epithelial cilia movement. Olfactory hole distribution is uneven, the middle olfactory plate olfactory hole olfactory axis before and after the distribution of the olfactory plate is more, the same olfactory plate near the olfactory hole at the most olfactory hole. Due to the uneven distribution of cilia, the olfactory epithelium can be divided into bare area and non-exposed area, the naked area and non-exposed area of the border clear, non-sensing cilia and microvilli on the olfactory axis are mainly distributed in the non-exposed area of the groove. Olfactory axis and olfactory near the olfactory axis at the exposed area is larger, the uncovered area of the olfactory axis epithelium is a series of continuous micro ridges cut into polygons, polygons with many uplift and small holes. Olfactory axis is the area where the water flows back in the sniffing capsule, which is closely related to the habit of cave life in order to feel the important position of odor in the water. The morphology of C. olgensis belongs to type G and its olfactory function plays an important role in the life activities of fish. Compared with the near-surface land surface species, there are more snuff plate, more number of cilia and microvilli, and the ratio of the long diameter of the sniffing capsule to the eyeball diameter is larger than 1, which reveals that it is “Smell ” fishes show their adaptation to the dark environment of caves.