目的:全面准确地反映5岁以下儿童的死亡情况,提出干预措施,为政府提供决策依据。方法:对2003～2006年264例5岁以下儿童死亡、死亡年龄构成、死因构成、医疗保健服务进行分析。结果:5岁以下儿童死亡率逐年下降,5岁以下儿童死因依次为早产、意外窒息、出生窒息、肺炎、先天异常。结论:降低该县5岁以下儿童死亡率,必须做好孕期保健,提高产、儿科质量,推广新生儿窒息复苏技术,普及科学育儿知识,提倡婚前检查等。 Objective: To comprehensively and accurately reflect the deaths of children under 5 years of age and to propose interventions to provide the government with decision-making basis. Methods: From 2003 to 2006, 264 cases of children under 5 years old were killed, the age of death, the cause of death and the medical and health services were analyzed. Results: The mortality rate of children under 5 years of age decreased year by year. The cause of death of children under 5 years of age was premature birth, accidental suffocation, birth asphyxia, pneumonia and congenital anomalies. Conclusion: To reduce the mortality rate of children under 5 years of age in this county, we must do a good job during pregnancy care, improve the quality of birth and pediatrics, popularize neonatal asphyxia recovery technology, popularize scientific child-rearing knowledge and premarital examination.