In contrast to astrocytes in mammals, fish astrocytes promote axon regeneration after brain injury and actively participate in the regeneration process. Neurolin, a regeneration-associated, Zn8-labeled protein, is involved in the repair of damaged optic nerve in goldfish. At 1 week after unilateral eye injury, the ex-pression of neurolin in the optic nerve and chiasm, and the expression of Pax6 that influences nervous system development in various brain regions in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were detected. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the number of Zn8+cells in the optic nerve head and intraor-bital segment was obviously increased, and the increase in Zn8+cells was also observed in the proximal and distal parts of injured optic nerve. This suggests that Zn8+astrocytes participate in optic nerve regeneration. ELISA results revealed that Pax6 protein increased obviously at 1 week post-injury. Immunohistochemi-cal staining revealed the appearance of Pax6+neurogenic niches and a larger number of neural precursor cells, which are mainly from Pax6+radial glia cells, in the nuclei of the diencephalon and optic tectum of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Taken together, unilateral eye injury can cause optic nerve reaction, and the formation of neurogenic niches is likely a compensation phenomenon during the repair process of optic nerve injury in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).