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黄河流域是我国开发最早、具有较长历史的大河流域,主要存在水资源供需矛盾突出、用水浪费严重、生态环境恶化、综合利用的协调难度较大等问题。流域经济发展中的不协调主要表现为人地、上下游和左右岸的矛盾;流域管理中的主要难点涉及产权问题、水价问题、法律法规的确立和实施问题。要促进黄河流域的协调发展,必须完善管理机制,逐步建立符合中国国情的新型流域管理体制。文章最后,以黄河小北干流的河道整治为例,探讨了制度变迁在黄河流域管理中的作用。
The Yellow River Basin is one of the earliest developed and long history rivers in the country. There are many problems such as the prominent contradiction between the supply and demand of water resources, the serious waste of water resources, the deterioration of the ecological environment and the coordination of comprehensive utilization. The inconsistencies in the economic development of the basin are mainly manifested in the contradiction between man and land, the upper and lower reaches and the left and right banks. The major difficulties in the management of the watershed are the problems of property rights, water prices, the establishment and implementation of laws and regulations. To promote the coordinated development of the Yellow River Basin, we must improve the management mechanism and gradually establish a new basin management system that is in line with China’s national conditions. Finally, taking the river training of the Xiaobeijiang River as an example, this paper discusses the role of institutional change in the management of the Yellow River Basin.