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目的对隆回县首起学校甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情进行调查,了解流行特征和发病情况,为防控提供借鉴。方法用“流感样病例调查表”对病例做流行病学调查,采集咽拭子标本进行流感病毒核酸检测并诊断。结果本次疫情共发生49例,罹患率1.0%(49/5118)。从2份咽拭子标本中检出H1N1流感病毒核酸片段。患者均否认发病前1周有密切接触史;否认发病前1个月有病死家禽接触史。临床表现以发热、头痛、全身酸痛和乏力等全身症状为主,近半数出现呼吸道症状,平均体温(39.4±0.2)℃,平均热程(5.4±1.4)d,并发症较轻,所有病例经抗病毒和支持治疗均治愈。结论隆回县甲型H1N1流感暴发流行尚属首次,传染来源未明,采取综合防控措施后,疫情得到有效控制,为今后防控积累了经验。
Objective To investigate the outbreak of influenza A (H1N1) in the first school in Longhui County, understand the epidemic characteristics and incidence, and provide reference for prevention and control. Methods Using the “Flu-like Case Questionnaire” to do epidemiological investigation of the cases, throat swab specimens were collected for influenza virus nucleic acid detection and diagnosis. Results A total of 49 cases of this epidemic, the attack rate of 1.0% (49/5118). The H1N1 influenza virus nucleic acid fragment was detected from 2 throat swab specimens. All patients denied the close contact with the first week before the onset of the disease and denied the history of the dead poultry in the first month before onset. The main clinical manifestations were fever, headache, general aches and weakness and other systemic symptoms. Most of the patients had respiratory symptoms. The mean body temperature (39.4 ± 0.2) ℃ and mean duration of fever (5.4 ± 1.4) days were lower in all cases. Antiviral and supportive therapies were cured. Conclusions The first outbreak of influenza A (H1N1) outbreak in Longhui County is the first time that the source of infection is unknown. After comprehensive prevention and control measures were taken, the outbreak was effectively controlled and accumulated experience for future prevention and control.