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哈萨克斯坦地域辽阔,但人口稀少。据《苏联大百科全书》记载,1913年只有556.5万人,而到一九四○年统计,人口才达到614.6万,二十七年中只增加了58.1万。从1940年到1955年,由于第二次世界大战等原因,未进行过人口统计,到1956年统计时,人口有848.8万。而到1983年统计,人口已增至1545.2万。三十年来翻了一番。其主要原因是1954年苏共中央决定大规模开发啥萨克斯坦,从俄罗斯、乌克兰及其他加盟共和国和莫斯科、列宁格勒等大城市动员了大量青年到哈萨克斯坦垦荒。下表是1959年到1983年的人口增长情况。
Kazakhstan is vast but sparsely populated. According to the Soviet Encyclopedia, only 5.565 million people were registered in 1913, and by 1940 the total population was 6.1146 million, only an increase of 581,000 in 27 years. From 1940 to 1955, as a result of the Second World War and other reasons, no demographic statistics were conducted. By the 1956 statistics, there were 8.48 million. By 1983 statistics, the population has increased to 15.452 million. Doubled in three decades. The main reason was that in 1954, the Central Committee of the CPSU decided to develop Gazprom on a large scale and mobilized a large number of young people to land reclamation from Kazakhstan from Russia, Ukraine, the rest of the republics and big cities such as Moscow and Leningrad. The following table shows the population growth from 1959 to 1983.