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小分子RNA (miRNA) 是一类小的非编码RNA, 在细胞凋亡、分化和先天性免疫等生物学过程中发挥着重要作用.中华按蚊是中国和东南亚国家分布最广的疟疾传播媒介, 本研究采用生物信息学方法注释了中华按蚊基因组的小分子RNA, 测序和鉴定了7个样本的小分子RNA.这7个样本来自实验室拟除虫菊酯感性品系、 3个野外拟除虫菊酯抗性群体和3个野外拟除虫菊酯感性群体.基于基因组序列共鉴定出272个miRNA, 总长为24 978 bp, 占基因组的0.009%.从这7个样本的测序和注释中, 共鉴定出62个已知的miRNA和432个新的miRNA.这些样本间已知miRNA的数量没有明显的差异, 说明这些已知的miRNA非常普通的, 表达量最高.在实验室和野外样品之间以及除虫菊酯抗性和感性样品之间, 新miRNA的数量没有明显的差异.本研究提供了中华按蚊miRNA的信息框架, 然而, 还需要进一步的研究来揭示这些样品中miRNA种类之间的关系, 以及这些miRNA在不同样品中对拟除虫菊酯抗性的调控机制.“,”MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs, which play a critical role in many biological processes such as apoptosis, differentiation and innate immunity. Anopheles sinensis is the most widespread malaria vector in China and Southeast Asian countries. In present study, the miRNAs from the genome sequences of An. sinensis were annotated by bioinformatics analyses, and sequenced and identified the miRNAs using seven samples from one pyrethroid-susceptible laboratory strain, three field pyrethroid-resistant populations, and three field pyrethroid-susceptible populations in An. sinensis. A total of 272 miRNAs were identified from genome sequences with a total length of 24 978 bp and accounting up 0.009% of genome. A total of 62 known miRNAs and 432 novel miRNAs were identified from the small RNA sequencing of these seven samples. There is no distinct difference in the number of known miRNAs among these samples, which suggests that these known miRNAs be quite popular and be the most abundant in expression. The numbers of novel miRNAs do not distinctly vary between laboratory and field samples and between resistant and susceptible samples. This study provides the information frame of miRNAs in An. sinensis. However, further research is necessary to reveal the relationships of miRNA species between miRNA species in these samples and the regulatory mechanism of pyrethroid resistance of these miRNA to pyrethroid in different samples.