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小胶质细胞是脑部驻留的骨髓系细胞,在生理和病理情况下的大脑中均起重要作用.本研究报道了关于大鼠小胶质细胞DNA酶超敏(DHS)的开放染色质区域的数据集.该数据集全面、可复制、错误发现率可控.我们用未处理的和神经胶质瘤条件培养基(GCM)或脂多糖(LPS)刺激6 h的原代培养小胶质细胞,比较了小胶质细胞开放染色质图谱.结果显示胶质瘤分泌因子诱导小神经胶质细胞的侵袭性和免疫抑制性激活,而激活的小胶质细胞促进肿瘤生长.大鼠小胶质细胞的开放染色质图谱由126640个可重复的DHS区域组成,其中分别有2303和12357个区域在用GCM或LPS刺激后显示出开放性的显著变化.活性基因表现出组成型开放的启动子,但基因附近的DHS区域的聚集开放性与该基因表达之间没有直接依赖关系.对应同一基因的各个区域经常呈现不同的开放性变化模式. GCM调节的DHS区域更多出现在远离基因体的区域,而LPS调节的区域更多出现在内含子中. GCM和LPS对不同区域的开放性调控的差异与免疫检查点基因相对应.这两种处理在对Toll样受体信号传导和轴突导向途径中对应基因区域的聚集开放性有不同的影响,这表明小胶质细胞迁移所使用的分子机制与轴突生长相似,并且这些通路的调节有助于胶质瘤诱导的小胶质细胞侵袭性极化.我们的开放染色质区域数据集为大鼠小胶质细胞中基因调控的研究铺平了道路.“,”Microglia are brain-resident, myeloid cells that play important roles in health and brain pathologies. Herein, we report a comprehensive, replicated, false discovery rate-controlled dataset of DNase-hypersensitive (DHS) open chromatin regions for rat microglia. We compared the open chromatin landscapes in untreated primary microglial cultures and cultures stimulated for 6 hr with either glioma-conditioned medium (GCM) or lipopolysac-charide (LPS). Glioma-secreted factors induce proinvasive and immunosuppressive activation of microglia, and these cells then promote tumor growth. The open chromatin landscape of the rat microglia consisted of 126,640 re-producible DHS regions, among which 2,303 and 12,357 showed a significant change in openness following stimu-lation with GCM or LPS, respectively. Active genes exhibited constitutively open promoters, but there was no di-rect dependence between the aggregated openness of DHS regions near a gene and its expression. Individual re-gions mapped to the same gene often presented different patterns of openness changes. GCM-regulated DHS re-gions were more frequent in areas away from gene bodies, while LPS-regulated regions were more frequent in in-trons. GCM and LPS differentially affected the openness of regions mapped to immune checkpoint genes. The two treatments differentially affected the aggregated openness of regions mapped to genes in the Toll-like receptor sig-naling and axon guidance pathways, suggesting that the molecular machinery used by migrating microglia is simi-lar to that of growing axons and that modulation of these pathways is instrumental in the induction of proinvasive polarization of microglia by glioma. Our dataset of open chromatin regions paves the way for studies of gene regu-lation in rat microglia.