世纪之交,经济全球化尤其是新科技革命的迅猛发展,使世界经济发展和政治格局进入了一个最为活跃的调整和变动时期,国家间的科技和经济竞争更加激烈。本文认为,作为国家意志的体现,以科技进步为核心的国家战略将更加具有竞争性的特征。以此为基础,国与国之间的贫富差距将进一步拉大。而国富国穷的实质已不仅仅表现为人均占有财富和可支配财富的数量差别,更重要的是表现为持续地创造未来新财富的能力。因此,创新是提高国家竞争力的关键因素。 At the turn of the century, the rapid development of economic globalization, especially the revolution of new science and technology, has brought the world’s economic development and political pattern into one of the most active periods of adjustment and change. Science and technology and economic competition among nations are even more fierce. This article argues that as a manifestation of the national will, the national strategy with scientific and technological progress as its core will be more competitive. Based on this, the gap between rich and poor countries will further widen. The essence of the rich countries and the poor has not only manifested itself in the quantitative difference between per capita wealth and disposable wealth, but more importantly demonstrated its ability to continually create new wealth in the future. Therefore, innovation is the key factor to improve the national competitiveness.