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本文旨在讨论族裔文化与文化符号的区别,以及文化符号与文化认同的区别。本文认为,族裔特征并不自然生成文化,生长在美国语境中的华裔认知中国文化的途径与在中国语境中认知中国文化的途径有很大不同。除了认知方式不同以外,华裔接受的中国文化还经过了在美国“本土化”的过程,加之在美国语境中的生活经历影响,美国华裔形成了独特的文化传统,其中传统中国文化主要的价值观念的缺失,使得华裔作品中的中国文化更多地起着象征中国文化的文化符号作用。事实上,在华裔文学作品中,传统中国文化的价值观常常被消解、被颠覆。文章指出,20世纪美国的多元文化运动使得美国通俗文化中有着丰富的“他者”文化符号。因此,有必要区分中国文化符号与具有中国传统价值观念内涵的中国文化,这对于讨论华裔的文化身份认同是十分关键的。不能简单地把华裔作家作品中的中国文化符号看作是华裔作家与中国文化认同。在全球化的今天,各种文化之间的相互影响,使得一种文化与另一种文化的相互影响成为必然。为此,本文同时指出20世纪的美国出现了文化双向同化现象,并指出这种现象与文化认同的区别。
This article aims to discuss the differences between ethnic cultures and cultural symbols and the differences between cultural symbols and cultural identities. This paper argues that ethnic characteristics do not naturally produce culture. Chinese Americans who grew up in the American context recognize Chinese culture in ways that are quite different from those of Chinese culture in the Chinese context. Apart from their different cognitive styles, the Chinese culture accepted by Chinese also goes through the process of “localization” in the United States. Apart from the influence of life experiences in the American context, Chinese Americans of the United States have formed a unique cultural tradition. The main Chinese traditional culture The lack of values makes the Chinese culture in Chinese works play a more cultural symbolic role of Chinese culture. In fact, in Chinese literary works, the values of traditional Chinese culture are often eliminated and subverted. The article points out that the multi-cultural movement in the United States in the 20th century made the popular culture of the United States have a rich “other” cultural symbol. Therefore, it is necessary to distinguish between Chinese cultural symbols and Chinese culture with the connotation of Chinese traditional values, which is very crucial for discussing the cultural identity of Chinese. The Chinese cultural symbols in Chinese writers’ works can not simply be regarded as Chinese-American writers and Chinese cultural identities. In the present day of globalization, the mutual influence among different cultures makes the mutual influence of one culture and another culture inevitable. To this end, this article also points out that the United States in the 20th century appeared two-way cultural assimilation phenomenon and pointed out the difference between this phenomenon and cultural identity.