论文部分内容阅读
黄土高原有耕地2.8亿亩,属中、低产的面积占73.7％。中、低产土主要类型为风沙土、侵蚀土、旱薄土、盐渍土,广泛分布于风沙区、黄土丘陵区、黄土塬区、河谷阶地区和宁蒙平原区。由于风沙、水土流失、干旱、瘠薄、耕作粗放等原因,单位而积产量很低,有的亩产只有几十公斤,仅为当地气候生产潜力的15％～40％。改造中低产土的重点是侵蚀土和旱薄土,主要措施为兴修基本农田和增施肥料,提高单位面积产量,促进农林牧副业协调发展。“七五”期间,国家在不同类型区设立了11个小流域综合治理试验示范区,以改造中低产土为重点,开展综合治理,取得了明显成效。
There are 280 million mu of cultivated land in the Loess Plateau, accounting for 73.7% of the area with medium and low yield. The main types of middle-low yielding soil are aeolian sandy soil, eroded soil, dry thin soil and saline soil, which are widely distributed in wind-sand area, loess hilly area, loess plateau area, valley step area and Ningmeng Plain area. Because of sandstorm, soil erosion, drought, infertility, extensive cultivation and other reasons, the yield per unit is very low. Some mu produce only tens of kilograms, only 15% -40% of the potential productivity of the local climate. The key point of rebuilding middle-low yield soil is erosion of eroded soil and dry land. The main measures include rebuilding basic farmland and increasing fertilizers, increasing output per unit area, and promoting the coordinated development of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and the sideline husbandry. During the “Seventh Five-Year Plan” period, 11 national pilot counties for comprehensive management of small watersheds have been set up in different types of zones. With the focus on transforming medium-low-yield land, comprehensive control has been achieved and remarkable results have been achieved.