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众所周知,意向性理论是贯穿整个现象学运动的核心线索。我们认为,意向性理论集中反映了现象学为解决近代思想中的认识论难题、克服近代思想中的二元论倾向所付出的艰苦努力。本文将简单梳理这一理论在现象学运动中的产生和发展过程。 一 意向性本来是中世纪经院哲学的术语,胡塞尔的老师布伦塔诺借用它来区分物理现象和心理现象,认为心理现象乃是“通过意向的方式把对象包于自身之中”①。胡塞尔据此认为,意识的根本特征
It is well known that intentionality theory is the core clue running through the entire phenomenological movement. In our opinion, the theory of intentionality reflects the arduous efforts that phenomenology paid to solve epistemological problems in modern thought and to overcome the tendency of dualism in modern thought. This article will simply sort out the theory of phenomenological movement in the generation and development process. Intentionality was originally a term of scholasticism in the Middle Ages. Husserl’s teacher Brentano borrowed it to distinguish between physical phenomena and psychological phenomena. He considered the psychological phenomenon as “encircling objects by themselves through intentional means”. Husserl accordingly believes that the fundamental characteristics of consciousness