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将结构稳定性理论和方法应用于岩石力学问题。分别采用2个简单的力学模型,研究竖井开挖过程中岩爆的发生和逆冲断层地震。通过理论研究,对于竖井开挖过程,分析无量纲孔壁位移和孔壁压力构成的平衡路径曲线;对于逆冲断层,分析远场无量纲位移和约束反力构成的平衡路径曲线。岩石结构失稳属于极值点型失稳,岩爆和逆冲断层地震是2种不同类型的极值点型失稳。从平衡路径曲线上来看,竖井开挖中的岩爆是一种应力极值点型失稳,伴随有位移突跳;而逆冲断层地震是一种位移极值点型失稳,并伴有力的突跳。
The theory and method of structural stability are applied to rock mechanics. Two simple mechanical models are respectively used to study the occurrence of rock burst and thrust fault in the process of shaft excavation. Through theoretic research, the curve of balanced path composed of displacement of hole wall and pore pressure is analyzed for the shaft excavation process. For the thrust fault, the equilibrium path curve of dimensionless displacement and reaction force in the far field is analyzed. The instability of rock structure is extremum point instability, rockburst and thrust fault are two different types of extremal point instability. From the point of the equilibrium path curve, rockburst in shaft excavation is a kind of stress extreme point-type instability accompanied by displacement sudden jump, while the thrust fault earthquake is a type of displacement extreme point instability accompanied by force Sudden jump