介绍了我国海洋环境的特点及其对双极型晶体管特性的影响。基于典型近海仓库贮存环境,以具有代表性的、用量较大的中小功率晶体管为研究对象,具体分析了近海仓库贮存30~40年的双极型晶体管的性能退化情况和失效模式。研究经过了13个环节的筛选检测,统计并分析了晶体管失效情况,并以失效数目最多的筛选环节中失效的晶体管为例,进行了电学参数测试与开帽检查。研究结果表明,击穿电压、反向漏电流与电流增益是相对较敏感的失效参数。 The characteristics of marine environment in our country and its influence on the characteristics of bipolar transistors are introduced. Based on the typical offshore warehouse storage environment, a representative and large amount of medium-sized and small power transistors are taken as research objects. The performance degradation and failure modes of bipolar transistors stored in offshore warehouse for 30 ~ 40 years are analyzed in detail. After 13 parts of the screening test, statistics and analysis of the transistor failure, and the failure of the largest number of failure in the screening process of the transistor, for example, the electrical parameters and open caps test. The results show that breakdown voltage, reverse leakage current and current gain are relatively sensitive failure parameters.