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目的调查食品从业人员肠道革兰阴性细菌CTX-M型超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)基因的携带状况及基因型分布。方法选择140名食品从业人员健康体检时的肛拭子标本,用加入头孢曲松钠的营养琼脂平板筛选样本中革兰染色阴性耐药菌,PCR方法扩增blaCTX-M耐药基因,对阳性扩增产物进行测序以明确CTX基因亚型。结果 140份肛拭样本中有125份样本中分离到头孢曲松钠耐药革兰阴性菌,携带率为89.3%(125/140)。125株耐药菌株中CTX-M的检出率为97.6%;五组CTX中检出率最高的为CTX-M-9组56.0%,其次为CTX-M-1组38.4%,有4株菌同时检测到CTX-M-9组和CTX-M-1组酶。通过序列比对,共检测到9种CTX基因亚型,检出率最高的是CTX-M-14和CTX-M-15。结论食品行业从业人员对β-内酰胺类药物普遍存在有抗性的肠道细菌,产CTX-M型超广谱β-内酰胺酶的革兰染色阴性细菌广泛存在,鉴于其工作特点,获得并导致耐药菌传播的风险性很高。
Objective To investigate the carrier status and genotype distribution of CTX-M extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) genes of enteric gram-negative bacteria in food service workers. Methods 140 rectal swabs were selected during health examination of food workers. Gram stain negative drug-resistant bacteria were screened by nutrient agar plate with ceftriaxone sodium. PCR-amplified blaCTX-M drug resistance genes were tested for positive Amplification products were sequenced to confirm the CTX genotypes. Results Ceftriaxone sodium-resistant Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from 125 samples in 140 samples of anal swabs, with a carriage rate of 89.3% (125/140). The detection rate of CTX-M in 125 drug-resistant strains was 97.6%. The highest detection rate of CTX-M-9 in the five groups was 56.0% in CTX-M-9 group, followed by 38.4% in CTX-M-1 group and 4 strains The strains CTX-M-9 and CTX-M-1 were detected simultaneously. A total of 9 CTX gene subtypes were detected by sequence alignment. The highest detection rates were CTX-M-14 and CTX-M-15. Conclusions The food industry practitioners are generally resistant to β-lactam drugs, intestinal bacteria producing CTX-M-type extended-spectrum β-lactamase Gram-negative bacteria widely exist, in view of its operating characteristics, access to Leading to a high risk of transmission of drug-resistant bacteria.