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目的了解四川凉山地区彝族、汉族中学生毒品接触情况和毒品问题认知现状,为少数民族地区开展校园禁毒教育提供依据。方法抽取凉山州部分县市的彝族、汉族中学生1 742名,其中彝族924名,汉族818名,对其采用自拟问卷调查,了解其对毒品知识的认知情况。结果彝族中学生吸食毒品的比例为3.25%(30/924),汉族中学生为0.98%(8/818),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=10.466,P<0.05);吸毒的学生以初中生为主(27/38)。2个民族中学生对传统毒品的正确认识率为87%~95%,对新型毒品的正确认识率为35%~55%,差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。中学生对毒品危害知晓率为80%~95%,但彝族学生在吸毒的身心损伤认识略高于汉族学生,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=11.37,P<0.05);中学生对吸毒传播的肝炎、梅毒等疾病的知晓率为55%~70%,但汉族学生略高于彝族学生,差异均有统计学(χ~2值分别为8.99,15.87,P值均<0.05)。在大部分毒品认知及吸毒危害性的认识上,初中生知晓率均低于同民族的高中生(P值均<0.05)。结论凉山地区中学生新型毒品的知识教育需要加强,特别是初中生。中学生毒品相关问题的认知度可能受该地区彝、汉族文化和毒品泛滥特征影响。
Objective To understand the status quo of drug exposure among drug addicts of Yi nationality and Han nationality in Liangshan area of Sichuan province and to provide a basis for anti-drug education in minority areas. Methods A total of 1 742 Yi and Han middle school students in some counties and cities in Liangshan prefecture were enrolled, including 924 Yi nationality and 818 Han nationality. Self-made questionnaires were used to understand their cognition of drug knowledge. Results The proportion of middle school students taking medicine was 3.25% (30/924) in Yi nationality and 0.98% (8/818) in Han middle school students, the difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 10.466, P <0.05) Mainly (27/38). The correct understanding rate of traditional drug among the two ethnic minorities was 87% -95%, and the correct recognition rate of new drug was 35% -55%. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P> 0.05). The awareness rate of secondary school students on drug hazards was 80% ~ 95%, but the Yi students’ understanding of physical and mental injury caused by drug abuse was slightly higher than that of Han students (χ ~ 2 = 11.37, P <0.05) Hepatitis, syphilis and other diseases were 55% ~ 70%, but Han students were slightly higher than Yi students, the differences were statistically significant (χ ~ 2 values were 8.99,15.87, P <0.05). In the majority of awareness of drug cognition and drug addiction, the awareness rate of junior high school students was lower than that of the same high school students (P <0.05). Conclusion The knowledge education of new drug for middle school students in Liangshan need to be strengthened, especially for junior high school students. Awareness of secondary school drug-related issues may be affected by the Yi, Han culture and drug abuse in the area.