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遇水分散并流失破坏是分散性土的重要特征,对工程的安全性造成严重威胁,但是由于分散性土发现较晚,工程实例较少,因而对分散性土的判别方法、分散机理及其应用等研究不够深入。在分析土样物理化学性质和矿物成分的基础上,应用碎块、针孔、双比重计、孔隙水可溶盐和交换性钠百分比等试验方法,对文家沟水库筑坝土料的分散性和分散机理进行了研究,并探讨了土样自身抗渗和在反滤料保护条件下的抗渗性能。研究认为,文家沟水库筑坝土料属于过渡性土和分散性土;土样中含有较多的蒙脱石和钠离子以及酸碱度较高是土样产生分散性的主要原因;土样的自身抗渗较差,但是在有反滤料保护条件下具有良好的抗渗性能。结果表明:黏土产生分散性的条件是土样中含有较多的蒙脱石和钠离子以及酸碱度呈强碱性,分散性土在合适的反滤料条件下具有较强的抗渗性。
Dispersion and loss of water is an important feature of disperse soil, which poses a serious threat to the safety of the project. However, due to late discovery of dispersive soils and few engineering examples, the discrimination method, dispersion mechanism and Applied research is not enough depth. Based on the analysis of physico-chemical properties and mineral composition of soil samples, the dispersion of soil material in Wenjiagou reservoir was analyzed by using test methods such as fragment, pinhole, double hydrometer, pore water soluble salt and exchangeable sodium percentage Sex and dispersion mechanism were studied, and to explore the impermeability of soil samples and anti-permeability under the conditions of the filter material protection. The study shows that the dam material in Wenjiagou reservoir belongs to transitional soil and disperse soil; the soil sample contains more montmorillonite and sodium ion and the higher pH value is the main reason for the dispersibility of soil sample; Impermeability is poor, but has good impermeability under the conditions of filter material protection. The results show that the dispersibility of clay is that the soil sample contains more montmorillonite and sodium ions and the pH value is strongly alkaline. The disperse soil has strong impermeability under the condition of suitable filter material.