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利用2012年12月至2013年1月和2013年12月至2014年1月两个生长季沈阳和喀左地区日光温室的小气候观测数据,基于日光温室番茄实际低温冻害发生及影响因素分析,构建日温差指数,确定辽宁地区日光温室番茄果实膨大期低温冻害的指标,并采用回归分析方法建立了日光温室温度预报模型。结果表明:日光温室内持续低温、寡照及高湿综合作用造成了番茄低温冻害的发生。在日光温室内高湿的环境条件下,日光温室外出现阴雨雪天气,且寡照天气持续3d,日光温室内最高气温小于10℃,最低气温小于5℃,且5℃以下低温持续时间达15h以上时,将出现低温冻害。利用日光温室内外逐时气温数据建立温室内逐时气温预报模型,18时至翌日08时逐时气温≤3℃误差的预报准确率达86%以上。因此,利用确定的日光温室内番茄低温冻害指标和建立的日光温室内逐时气温预报模型,可实现温室内番茄低温冻害预警,提高日光温室防灾减灾能力。
Based on the data of microclimate in the solar greenhouse in Shenyang and Kazuo in two growing seasons from December 2012 to January 2013 and December 2013 to January 2014, based on the actual low temperature frost damage occurrence and its influencing factors in tomato in sunlight greenhouse, Day index of temperature to determine the index of low temperature frost damage in tomato enlargement in solar greenhouse in Liaoning Province. The temperature forecast model of solar greenhouse was set up by regression analysis. The results showed that the combination of sustained low temperature, low light and high humidity in sunlight greenhouse caused the low temperature frost damage of tomato. Under the conditions of high humidity in the solar greenhouse, the rainy and snowy weather appears outside the solar greenhouse, and the weather for the following conditions lasts for 3 days. The highest temperature in the solar greenhouse is less than 10 ℃, the lowest temperature is less than 5 ℃, and the low temperature below 5 ℃ lasts more than 15h When there will be low-temperature frost damage. The time-dependent temperature forecast model in greenhouse was established by using the time-lapse air temperature data both inside and outside the solar greenhouse, and the forecast accuracy of the hourly temperature ≤3 ℃ from 18:00 to 08:00 the next day was above 86%. Therefore, using the indicators of low temperature frost damage and the hourly temperature forecast model in solar greenhouse, the early warning of low temperature frost damage in tomato can be realized and the ability of disaster prevention and reduction in sunlight greenhouse can be improved.