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对于石灰岩的气候解释,许多地质学家的共同看法是,它主要代表温水环境。其实,这种概念并不一定是正确的,因为,决定一种石灰岩究竟是形成于近岸深度处抑或陆架深度处的主要因素,是陆源沉积物稀释的速率和稀释量,而不是水的温度。然而,由于碳酸盐在寒冷气候中的产生率最低,因而在高纬区碳酸钙的丰度和碳酸盐聚集的厚度都趋于最小值。在这方面,由于大陆构造基底广泛出露、近代海面的升降变化以及现代两极地区冰帽的存在,现代陆架和海滩就不能作为冷水碳酸盐和温水碳酸盐对比的良好模式。特别是气候对非礁陆架和海滩的影响是不能用是否存在一些主要的种群来区别。在这方面,动物的多样性和适应性很有意义的。缺少陆架深度范围内的无机碳酸盐沉淀、微晶灰岩包体以及球状柱,也可以说明该岩石是在冷水中形成的。某些非重结晶碳酸盐的氧同位素和骨骸的矿物学特性可能是良好的古气候标志;但是,碳酸盐组分的痕量元素和物理结构特征对于温度的变化可能都不敏感。以前对高纬区陆架的研究仅集中在钙质物质的丰度上,而有关低纬区碳酸盐研究的资料数量看来是不相称的。对冷水碳酸盐的进一步研究有可能为古环境和古气候的解释开辟另一些新的途径。
For the interpretation of limestone climate, many geologists share the common view that it mainly represents the warm water environment. In fact, this notion is not necessarily correct because the key factor that determines whether a limestone is formed at or near the depth of the nearshore is the rate and dilution of terrigenous sediments, rather than the temperature of the water . However, due to the lowest occurrence of carbonate in cold climates, the abundance of calcium carbonate and the thickness of carbonate accumulation in the high latitudes tend to be minimal. In this respect, modern shelves and beaches can not serve as a good model for the comparison of cold-water carbonate and warm-water carbonate because of the widespread continental basement of the continent, the recent rise and fall of the sea surface and the presence of modern ice caps in the polar regions. In particular, the impact of climate on non-reef shelves and beaches can not be distinguished by the presence or absence of some major populations. In this respect, the diversity and adaptability of animals makes sense. The lack of inorganic carbonate precipitation, microcrystalline limestone inclusions, and spherulites within the shelf depth also indicate that the rock was formed in cold water. The oxygen isotopes and mineralogical characteristics of some non-recrystallized carbonates may be good paleoclimatic indicators; however, the trace elements and physical structural characteristics of carbonate components may not be sensitive to changes in temperature. Previous studies of the continental shelf in the high latitudes have focused only on the abundance of calcareous material, and the amount of data on carbonate studies in low latitudes seems disproportionate. Further research on cold-water carbonates may open up new avenues for paleoenvironmental and paleoclimate interpretation.