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The survivability of computer systems should be guaranteed in order to improve its operation efficiency,especially for the efficiency of its critical functions.This paper proposes a decentralized mechanism based on SoftwareDefined Architecture (SDA).The concepts of critical functions and critical states are defined,and then,the critical functional parameters of the target system are collected and analyzed.Experiments based on the analysis results are performed for reconfiguring the implementations of the whole system.A formal model is presented for analyzing and improving the survivability of the system,and the problem investigated in this paper is reduced to an optimization problem for increasing the system survival time.