In this paper, the relationship of intracellular acidification and apoptosis in Hela cells induced by vincristine sulfate has been studied by use of the ratiometric pH nanosensors that have been developed by our group, employing fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) doped as the pH-sensitive dye and Tris(2,2'-bipyidyl) dichlororuthenium(Ⅱ) hexahydrate (RuBpy) doped as reference dye. The pH change of the Hela cells induced by vincristine sulfate has been monitored in vivo, in situ and real time by use of the ratiometric pH nanosensors. The experimental results show that the pH of the apoptotic Hela cells induced by vincristine sulfate has been acidified from 7.11 to 6.51, and the percentage of intracellular acidification is correlated with the induced concentration and incubation time of the vincristine sulfate. The further study of the percentage of intracellular acidification and the percentage of apoptosis of Hela cells at the same time reveals that apoptosis of Hela cells induced by vincristine sulfate is preceded by intracellular acidification. These results would provide theoretical foundation for the therapy of cancer through interfering the pH of cells by use of vincristine sulfate or other anti-cancer drugs.