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微RNA(MicroRNA,miRNA)是一类长18～25 nt的非编码RNA,主要通过与靶基因mRNA3′UTR上的互补区域结合后在转录后水平(RNA切割或翻译抑制)负性调控靶基因的表达.现已发现,miRNA参与了多种正常细胞过程以及肿瘤发生的调控.miRNA也在造血链系分化和相关白血病中发挥重要作用.急性髓系白血病(AML)是一种涉及多种遗传学变异的造血恶性肿瘤,在中国的髓系白血病中发病率最高.在不同遗传学特征的AML中,miRNAs具有差异表达谱,这种差异表达谱可作为AML临床诊断和预后的依据.一些在白血病中表达异常的miRNAs的致癌作用机制已被阐明,今后有望开发针对这些miRNAs的药物,从而为白血病的治疗提供新的靶点.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of 18- to 25-nt non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate target genes at the post-transcriptional level (RNA cleavage or translational repression) primarily by binding to the complementary region on the target gene mRNA3’UTR Has been found that miRNAs are involved in a variety of normal cellular processes and tumorigenesis.miRNAs also play an important role in hematopoietic lineage differentiation and associated leukemias.Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a multi-genetic Mutation hematopoietic malignancies, the highest incidence of myeloid leukemia in China in different genetic characteristics of AML, miRNAs have differential expression profiles, this differential expression profile can be used as AML clinical diagnosis and prognosis basis of some in The mechanisms of carcinogenesis of miRNAs that express abnormalities in leukemia have been elucidated, and it is expected to develop drugs targeting these miRNAs in future so as to provide a new target for the treatment of leukemia.