引言 清代咸同之际,中国政府遭遇到一个非常重大的危机。外患方面,有英法联军的进师京津,和俄国的侵略东北边疆。内忧方面,又有太平天国的崛起,波及十馀省。当时政府处境的艰难,几与九一八事变後的国民政府无异。当时政府的应付国难的办法,在外交方面,由於实力相差过远,可以说 Introduction At the same time as the Qing Dynasty, the Chinese government encountered a very serious crisis. In the area of ​​foreign aggression, the British and French troops entered Beijing and Tianjin and the Russian aggression against the northeast border. On the internal front, there is the rise of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, affecting more than a dozen provinces. At that time, the difficulties the government was in were few and the same as the Kuomintang government after the September 18th Incident. At that time, the government’s solution to the national crisis was that in terms of diplomacy, since the strength was far behind, it can be said