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目的了解湛江市2004—2013年流行性乙型脑炎(简称乙脑)的流行特征,为有效控制乙脑发病及流行提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学分析方法对2004—2013年湛江市乙脑疫情资料进行统计分析。结果 2004—2013年湛江市共报告乙脑病例129例,年均发病率为0.19/10万,年发病率从2004年的0.63/10万下降到2013年的0.11/10万。病例发病时间集中在5—7月,占总病例数的96.12%(124/129);发病地区集中在廉江市和雷州市,分别占总病例数的42.64%(55/129)和17.83%(23/129)。男性76例,女性53例,男女性别比为1.43∶1;病例年龄主要集中在2~7岁,占总病例数的72.09%(93/129);职业分布以散居儿童为主,占总病例数的67.44%(87/129)。129例乙脑病例中仅7例(占5.43%)有免疫史。结论 2004—2013年湛江市乙脑发病率逐年下降,免疫空白仍是乙脑发病的主要原因,切实做好乙脑疫苗常规接种和疫情监测是乙脑预防控制的有效措施。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of Japanese encephalitis (JE) from 2004 to 2013 in Zhanjiang and provide a scientific basis for the effective control of the incidence and epidemic of JE. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was used to analyze the epidemiological data of Japanese encephalitis in Zhanjiang City from 2004 to 2013. Results A total of 129 JE cases were reported in Zhanjiang City from 2004 to 2013, with an annual average incidence of 0.19 per 100 000. The annual incidence rate dropped from 0.63 per 100 000 in 2004 to 0.11 per 100 000 in 2013. The incidence of cases was concentrated in May-July, accounting for 96.12% (124/129) of the total number of cases; the incidence areas were concentrated in Lianjiang City and Leizhou City, accounting for 42.64% (55/129) and 17.83% of the total cases respectively. (23/129). 76 males and 53 females, with a male / female ratio of 1.43:1. The age of the patients mainly ranged from 2 to 7 years old, accounting for 72.09% (93/129) of the total number of cases. The occupational distribution was dominated by diaspora, accounting for the total cases 67.44% of the number (87/129). Only 129 of the 129 JE cases had a history of immunization (5.43%). Conclusion The incidence of Japanese encephalitis in Zhanjiang City decreased from 2004 to 2013, and the immunologic blank was still the main reason for the occurrence of Japanese encephalitis. Effective prevention and control of Japanese encephalitis was effective in routine vaccination and surveillance of Japanese encephalitis vaccine.