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目的探讨Ｇｒａｖｅｓ病（ＧＤ）和桥本甲状腺功能亢进（ＨＴＸ）、桥本甲状腺炎（ＨＴ）三者在病因学上的联系。方法用ＡＢＣ免疫组化法，检测１３例ＧＤ、７例ＨＴＸ、１０例ＨＴ和６例正常对照（ＮＣ）甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞（ＴＦＣ）膜ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ（ＤＲ）的表达。结果ＨＴ组表达最强，ＨＴＸ组次之，ＧＤ组最弱，ＮＣ组ＴＦＣ不表达。３０例患者ＴＦＣ膜ＤＲ表达强度与血清甲状腺微粒体抗体水平、甲状腺淋巴细胞浸润程度及其活性间呈正相关。结论ＴＦＣ异常表达ＤＲ的现象在自身免疫性甲状腺疾病中虽普遍存在，但表达程度不同，其表达的强弱与自身免疫反应的强度相关，推测也与甲状腺组织的破坏程度有关。
Objective To investigate the etiological relationship between Graves’ disease (GD) and Hashimoto’s thyroidism (HTX) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT). Methods The expression of HLA-DR (DR) in 13 cases of GD, 7 cases of HTX, 10 cases of HT and 6 cases of normal control (NC) thyroid follicular epithelial cells (TFC) were detected by ABC immunohistochemistry. Results The expression of HT was the strongest in HT group, followed by HTX group and the weakest in GD group, but not in NC group. Thirty cases of patients with TFC membrane DR expression intensity and serum thyroid microsomal antibody levels, thyroid lymphocyte infiltration and its activity was positively correlated. Conclusions The abnormal expression of DR in TFC is common in autoimmune thyroid diseases, but its expression is different. The expression of DR is correlated with the intensity of autoimmune reaction, which is also related to the degree of destruction of thyroid tissue.