违禁药物(毒品)是一类对人类中枢神经系统具有强烈兴奋、抑制、镇静作用的化合物,其滥用趋势在世界范围内越来越严峻,并随之进入我们生活的环境。由于其特殊的使用与释放途径,人们对其滥用量和滥用人数一直缺乏精准的统计。最近发展起来的污水流行病学方法被广泛认为是一种较为有效、便捷地估算违禁药物滥用量和滥用人数的新方法。欧洲、美洲一些国家已开展了对常见违禁药物如可卡因、冰毒等的污水流行病学和环境地理学研究。随着研究的进一步发展,其所涉及的内容和应用范围越来越广泛,已成为环境地理学的新兴领域。文章从目前国际国内的研究现状出发,综合概述了常见违禁药物污水流行病学研究的发生、发展和应用,以及目前存在的问题。并且结合目前国内情况,提出了在国内开展典型违禁药物污水流行病学研究的建议。 Illicit drugs (drugs) are a class of compounds that have a strong excitement, suppressive and sedating effect on the central nervous system of humans. Their tendency to abuse is becoming more and more serious throughout the world and has subsequently entered the environment in which we live. Due to their particular route of use and release, there has been a lack of accurate statistics on their abuse and abuse. The recent development of a sewerage epidemiological approach is widely recognized as a new and more efficient and convenient way to estimate the amount of illicit drug abuse and abuse. Some countries in Europe and the Americas have carried out epidemiological and environmental geography studies of sewers in common illicit drugs such as cocaine and methamphetamine. With the further development of the research, the content and the scope of its application are more and more extensive, and it has become an emerging field of environmental geography. Based on the current research status at home and abroad, the article summarizes the occurrence, development and application of common illicit drug wastewater epidemiology and the current problems. Combined with the current domestic situation, this paper puts forward some suggestions on the epidemiological study of typical illicit drugs in China.