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地下煤炭资源被人工采出以后,因上覆岩层的失稳、垮落、重新密实而使地表出现开裂、塌陷和变形等地质灾害。传统的研究煤矿开采沉陷的方法主要有地质法、实地监测法、物理和数值模拟法等,这些方法耗费大量人力、物力、财力,且部分参数的获取十分困难。为了获得在煤矿开采区域内地表沉降情况的准确信息,本文利用采动卸压原理和“三带”模型,以湖南省金竹山矿业公司的土珠煤矿开采沉降实况为研究背景,分析其地下采煤时地表裂缝与沉降的发生机制与特征。提出在开采垂直裂缝最大估算高度直接影响地表浅部的2煤层和3煤层时,应根据理论分析和实地观测的方法进行沉降预测,适时提供有效的安全预警信息;在开采垂直裂缝最大估算高度不影响地表的深部煤层时,可根据实际观测的历史数据建立灰色Logistic I/II模型进行地面沉降预测,无须再进行实际监测。通过实践验证和模型精度检验表明,灰色Logistic I/II模型预测精度高,预测值与实际值拟合度高,能准确提供有效信息,为地表环境的复垦规划提供重要参考依据。
After the underground coal resources have been artificially recovered, geological disasters such as cracking, collapse and deformation occur on the ground due to the instability, collapse and re-compaction of the overlying strata. The traditional methods of studying subsidence in coal mining are mainly geological methods, field monitoring methods, physical and numerical simulation methods, which consume a lot of manpower, material and financial resources, and some of the parameters are very difficult to obtain. In order to obtain the accurate information about the surface subsidence in the coal mining area, this paper uses the mining pressure relief principle and the “three-zone” model to study the settlement settlement of the Tuzhu coal mine in Hunan Province. Occurrence Mechanism and Characteristics of Surface Cracks and Settles in Underground Coal Mining. It is suggested that settlement prediction should be based on theoretical analysis and on-the-spot observation when the maximum vertical height of crevasse estimation directly affects the No.2 and the No.3 coal seam in shallow part of the earth’s surface, and effective early warning information is provided timely. When affecting the deep coal seams of the earth’s surface, the gray Logistic I / II model can be established based on the observed historical data to predict the ground subsidence without further monitoring. The results of practical verification and model accuracy test show that the gray Logistic I / II model has a high prediction accuracy and a good fit between the predicted value and the actual value, which can provide valid information accurately and provide an important reference for the reclamation planning of the surface environment.