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德国的小型和微型水电站达到了7 500座,占欧盟总数的34.4%。从《我的新农村梦》中大量实地考察的德国海登海姆布伦茨河上的18座小型和微型电站以及乌尔姆附近多瑙河上的4座电站出发,对德国发展小型和微型水电的总体情况、详细的装机容量分布情况和巴伐利亚州小型和微型水电发展的具体情况依据翔实的统计数据,对发达国家德国开发小型和微型水电的成功经验进行了详细的调查和分析。通过德国的关于小型和微型水电站的装机容量分布结构分析,指出了发展大水电突出的是发电、防洪、航运和生态保护等其他宏观效益;小型和微型水电的发电效益微不足道,加大对其的发展更应该关注的是通过推进水利设施的建设不仅可以对实现农业、农民和农村电气化和农业现代化(如分散式的小型和微型水电可以解决粮食主产区的生产设备配套动力问题)有积极的意义,同时通过对小型和微型水资源的保护、管理和调节,并最终实现保护生态和环境的微观效益;对小型和微型水电的容量估算,提出了具体的简化计算公式,并进一步分析了德国巴伐利亚州小型和微型水电的水头和流量参数分布和典型的低水头电站规划设计。还对德国小型和微型水电的最新发展趋势结合典型的案例进行了调查分析和介绍,为我国发展小型和微型水电以及相关产品研发提供积极的参考。
Germany has 7,500 small and micro hydropower stations, accounting for 34.4% of the total number of EU. Starting with 18 small and micro plants on the Brent river in Heidenheim, Germany, and a large number of field trips in “My New Countryside Dream” and 4 power stations on the Danube near Ulm, the development of small and micro-hydro power plants in Germany The general situation, the detailed distribution of installed capacity and the specific conditions of the development of small and micro-hydropower plants in Bavaria have been based on detailed statistical data and detailed investigation and analysis of the successful experiences of developed countries in Germany for the development of small and micro hydropower. According to the German structure analysis on the distribution of installed capacity of small and mini hydropower stations, it is pointed out that other major macroeconomic benefits such as power generation, flood control, shipping and ecological protection are prominent in the development of large-scale hydropower projects; the benefits of small-scale and micro-hydropower generation are negligible; Development should pay more attention to promoting the construction of water conservancy facilities not only for the realization of agriculture, peasants and rural electrification and agricultural modernization (such as decentralized small and micro-hydropower plants can solve the problem of supporting production equipment in the main producing areas) have a positive Meanwhile, at the same time, through the protection, management and regulation of small and micro-sized water resources, and finally realize the micro-benefits of ecological and environmental protection; simplified calculation formula for the capacity of small and micro-hydropower proposed a simple calculation formula and further analysis of Germany Distribution of head and flow parameters for small and micro hydro in Bavaria and typical low-head plant planning and design. The latest trends of small and micro-hydropower development in Germany were also investigated and analyzed in connection with typical cases to provide a positive reference for the development of small and micro hydropower and related products in China.