一、概述在光学系统中,所有透镜球面的曲率中心通常位于同一轴线上,该轴线即是所有球心的连心线,被称为“光轴”。此种光学系统则称为“共轴光学系统”。平面是球面的特例;而非球面大都是球面的轴对称扩张面;在少数光学系统中,也用到了偏轴的或非共轴的光学组件,但其共轴部分往往还占着相当地位。由此可见,光学系统的共轴特性是光学仪器光学结构组成的基本特征。事实上,光学系统的共轴条件,不但是光学设计象差计算的理论前提和计算依据,而且是光学零件、仪器结构在技术设计、加工制造和装配调校等一系列工艺过程中的技术准则。所以,根据光学设计的理想要求,光学系统中所有透镜的球面球心均应严格 I. Overview In the optical system, all the lens spherical center of curvature is usually located on the same axis, which is the center line of all the spherical center, known as the “optical axis.” This optical system is called “coaxial optical system.” The plane is a special case of a spherical surface; while the aspherical surfaces are mostly spherical axisymmetric expansion surfaces. In a few optical systems, off-axis or non-coaxial optical components are also used, but their coaxial parts often occupy a considerable position. It can be seen that the coaxial characteristics of the optical system are the basic characteristics of the optical structure of optical instruments. In fact, the coaxial condition of the optical system is not only the theoretical premise and calculation basis of the optical design aberration calculation, but also the technical criterion of the optical components and instrumentation structure in a series of technological design, manufacturing and assembly adjustment . Therefore, according to the ideal design of optical design, the spherical centers of all the lenses in the optical system should be strictly