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当前,国内外杂交小麦研究已分别进展到小面积试种和小规模推广阶段,但仍存在几个问题。主要是:1、小麦杂种优势虽然确实存在,但单株优势高于群体优势。因此,冬性和弱冬性组合一般每亩播种量在10—14万粒左右效果较好。提型不育胞质带来种子瘪瘦、发芽力低、有效穗数优势较低等不良付作用。选择适当的保持系基因型和使恢复源多样化有助于减轻这种不良效应;2、恢复源多样化和恢复基因累加是当前国际上培育恢复系的共同趋向。我国当前已育成的恢复系恢复源过于单一,不利于充分发挥杂交小麦的杂种优势。大花药的恢复系一般具有较高的恢复力。恢复系的恢复力可能要分离到 F_(10)才能稳定;3、培育优良不育系的关键是轮回亲本的选择。为了克服杂交小麦倒伏问题,不育系株高最好在60公分左右(或略高),恢复系在75公分左右(或略高)。抗病性一般表现为显性,所以对杂交小麦育种是一个有利的因素。培育优良新三系是比较彻底解决提型不育系最大弱点恢复系难找和难于培育的途径。有人建议在普通小麦中寻找不育胞质。据报导,山东正在培育密普型新三系;4、当前我国组合选配工作因配合力研究贫乏而常有较大的盲目性。B 系和 R 系用不完全双列杂交方式是当前测定配合力比较简易可行的方法。若干生理指标也可作为组合选配的参考。杂交小麦的繁种与制种问题不大,但应注意亲本花期配合适宜。
At present, the research on hybrid wheat at home and abroad has progressed to the small-scale cultivation and small-scale promotion respectively, but there are still some problems. Mainly: 1, although the wheat heterosis does exist, but the superiority of the plant is superior to the group. Therefore, the combination of winter and weak winter general per acre sowing in the 10-14 million or so better. Tissue infertility cytoplasm resulting in lean lean, low sprouting, low effective spike number and other adverse effects. Choosing the appropriate maintainer line genotypes and diversifying the sources of recovery will help to mitigate this adverse effect; 2. Diversification of the source and gene accumulation are the common trends in the development of restorer lines internationally. At present, the restorer restorer system that has been bred in our country is too single and not conducive to giving full play to the heterosis of hybrid wheat. The restoration of large anther generally has a high resilience. The restoring force of restoring line may be separated to F_ (10) to be stable. 3. The key to cultivating good CMS line is the selection of reincarnated parents. In order to overcome the problem of lodging of hybrid wheat, plant height of sterile lines is best about 60 centimeters (or slightly higher) and the restorer line is about 75 centimeters (or slightly higher). Disease resistance is generally dominant, so hybrid wheat breeding is a favorable factor. Cultivating excellent new three lines is a more thorough solution to the most serious weakness of the male sterile line restore system is difficult to find and difficult to cultivate ways. It is suggested to look for sterile cytoplasm in common wheat. It is reported that Shandong is nurturing the new millennium series of the Milpitas; 4. At present, the combination and matching work in our country often has greater blindness due to the lack of studies on its co-operation. It is a simple and feasible method to determine the combining ability of B line and R line by incomplete double line hybridization. A number of physiological indicators can also be used as a combination of matching reference. Hybrid wheat breeding and seed production is not a problem, but should pay attention to the appropriate flowering parents.