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目的通过大样本回顾性调查,分析急性化学品中毒的成因、救治特点,并探讨应急救援措施,提高应急救援的能力。方法对1692例急性化学品中毒患者的急诊和住院登记进行回顾性调查,分析急性化学品中毒的种类、接触途径及中毒救治特点。结果因职业性暴露致急性化学品中毒者占44.91%,生活源性接触者占38.82%,环境污染所致的化学品中毒占16.25%。患者接触的化学品种类达173种,其中农药的种类为38种,有害气体19种,有机溶剂24种,三大类化学品占中毒发生频率的前三位。群体性中毒事故近年呈上升趋势。结论急性化学品中毒的成因涉及品种多,范围广。应关注一些新毒物和多种化学品联合中毒的趋势。加强急性化学品中毒的院前急救、急诊室抢救及后期治疗处理的连接。急需加强毒物检测、解毒药物合理使用和储备,群体性中毒事故处理增设心理辅导。
Objective To investigate the causes of acute chemical poisoning and the characteristics of treatment and rescue through large sample retrospective investigation and to explore emergency rescue measures to improve the ability of emergency rescue. Methods A retrospective survey was conducted on the emergency and inpatient registration of 1692 acute chemical poisoning patients. The types of acute chemical poisoning, exposure routes and the characteristics of poisoning treatment were analyzed. Results As a result of occupational exposure to acute chemical poisoning accounted for 44.91%, life-source contacts accounted for 38.82%, environmental pollution caused by chemical poisoning accounted for 16.25%. There were 173 kinds of chemicals in contact with patients, including 38 kinds of pesticides, 19 kinds of harmful gases and 24 kinds of organic solvents, accounting for the top three of the frequency of poisoning. Group poisoning incidents have been on the rise in recent years. Conclusion The causes of acute chemical poisoning involve many varieties and wide range. Attention should be given to the trend of some new toxins and multiple chemicals poisoning. Enhance the acute chemical poisoning hospital care, emergency room emergency treatment and post-treatment treatment connection. Urgent need to strengthen the detection of toxic substances, rational use of detoxification drugs and reserves, group counseling additional psychological treatment of poisoning incidents.