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为了探讨采煤塌陷对土壤理化性质的影响,该文以神府-东胜煤田的大柳塔矿区为研究对象,采用对比法系统分析了塌陷区和未塌陷区土壤理化性质的变化特征。结果表明:(1)采煤塌陷使土壤容重减小3.7%~27.5%,孔隙度增大13.3%~76.4%,土壤水分损失9.1%~15.8%(P<0.05),土壤粘粒含量减少,土壤质地砂化。(2)塌陷对土壤全氮、有机质的影响较大,对全磷、全钾的影响较小。与对照区相比,0~60 cm土壤有机质流失1.9%~56.1%,0~10 cm土壤全氮含量下降29.1%~39.1%(P<0.05)。(3)不同坡位处,坡顶和坡中的土壤容重、孔隙度和有机质受沉陷的影响最大,坡中土壤水分损失最多(P<0.05)。随着塌陷年限的延长,土壤容重和孔隙度有恢复趋势,塌陷后土壤水分的恢复需要较长时间。
In order to investigate the effect of coal mining collapse on the physical and chemical properties of soil, the author takes the Daliuta mining area of Shenfu-Dongsheng coalfield as the research object and systematically analyzes the changing characteristics of soil physical and chemical properties in both subsidence and collapse areas by using contrast method. The results show that: (1) The collapse of coal mining reduces soil bulk density by 3.7% -27.5%, porosity by 13.3% -76.4%, soil water loss by 9.1% -15.8% (P <0.05) Soil texture of sand. (2) Collapse has a great effect on soil total nitrogen and organic matter, but has little effect on total phosphorus and total potassium. Compared with the control plot, the organic matter loss in 0-60 cm soil ranged from 1.9% to 56.1%, while that in 0-10 cm range decreased from 29.1% to 39.1% (P <0.05). (3) At different slope positions, the bulk density, porosity and organic matter in the top and slope of the slope are most affected by the subsidence, with the largest loss of soil moisture in the slope (P <0.05). With the extension of the collapse period, the bulk density and porosity of the soil tend to recover, and the recovery of soil moisture after the collapse takes a long time.