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目的研究剖宫产出生的仔鼠海马区和额叶皮质区半胱氨酸基天门冬氨酸蛋白酶-3(caspase-3)的表达变化以及神经元细胞凋亡情况。方法将38只SD孕鼠自确定受孕时起随机分为2组:阴道产组19只和剖宫产组19只。阴道产组不进行任何处理,剖宫产组于孕21d剖宫取仔鼠。阴道产组仔鼠24只和剖宫产组仔鼠20只,均于出生后115d处死仔鼠取脑组织,采用免疫荧光法分析单位面积中caspase-3阳性染色细胞数量;用末端转移酶标记染色法检测神经元细胞凋亡情况。结果①caspase-3表达:仔鼠出生后115d,额叶皮质区caspase-3阳性染色细胞数:阴道产组为(16.8±2.1)个,剖宫产组为(28.3±5.8)个,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);海马区caspase-3阳性染色细胞数:阴道产组为(23.2±4.6)个,剖宫产组为(36.8±5.9)个,两组比较,差异也有统计学意义(P<0.05);②神经元细胞凋亡情况:仔鼠生后115d,额叶皮质区凋亡指数(%):阴道产组为(3.8±0.6),剖宫产组为(7.3±1.8),两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);海马区凋亡指数(%):阴道产组为(4.2±1.5),剖宫产组为(26.1±5.4),两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论剖宫产可能引起成年仔鼠海马区和额叶皮质区aspase-3表达增加,可能引起神经元细胞凋亡增加,其中以海马区神经元的凋亡尤为明显,可使与海马相关的空间记忆和学习能力受到损害。
Objective To study the changes of c-caspase-3 expression in hippocampus and frontal cortex of cesarean section and the neuronal apoptosis. Methods Thirty-eight SD pregnant rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: 19 in the vaginal delivery group and 19 in the cesarean section. Vaginal delivery group without any treatment, cesarean section in pregnant 21d cesarean section take pups. Twenty-four of the pups in the vaginal delivery group and 20 in the cesarean section group were sacrificed at 115 days after birth, and the number of caspase-3 positive cells per unit area was analyzed by immunofluorescence. Dyeing method was used to detect neuronal apoptosis. Results ① The expression of caspase-3: The number of caspase-3 positive cells in frontal cortex after 115 days of birth was (16.8 ± 2.1) in vaginal delivery group and (28.3 ± 5.8) in cesarean section group (P <0.05). The number of caspase-3 positive cells in the hippocampus was (23.2 ± 4.6) in the vaginal delivery group and (36.8 ± 5.9) in the cesarean section group. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P <0.05); ②The apoptosis of neurons: The index of apoptotic cortex in frontal lobe 115 days after birth was (3.8 ± 0.6) in cesarean section group and (P <0.05). The apoptotic index (%) in hippocampus was (4.2 ± 1.5) in the vaginal delivery group and (26.1 ± 5.4) in the cesarean section group (7.3 ± 1.8). There was no significant difference between the two groups , The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion Cesarean section may increase the expression of aspase-3 in hippocampus and frontal cortex of adult offspring, which may result in the increase of apoptosis of neurons. Especially in hippocampus, the apoptosis of neurons is more obvious, and the space related to hippocampus Memory and learning ability is compromised.