本文立足于哈贝马斯早年对于劳动和互动的区分以及重建历史唯物主义的思路,从马克思的“感性活动”概念的还原论倾向与自然主义纲领之间的冲突,以及政治经济学批判与意识形态批判之间的紧张,探讨了马克思的劳动概念的内在问题,并把这些问题与哈贝马斯对历史唯物主义的语言学重构关联起来,着重揭示这种重构之于经验主义的唯物主义和解释学的唯心主义的双重批判,从而有力地论证了批判理论之语言学转向的必要性和正当性。 Based on Habermas’s distinction of labor and interaction and the idea of ​​rebuilding historical materialism in his early years, from the conflict between the reductionist tendency of Marx’s “sensual activity” and the naturalist program and the critique of political economy And ideological criticism, probes into the intrinsic problems of Marx’s concept of labor and correlates these with Habermas’s linguistic reconstruction of historical materialism, highlighting the reconstruction of this kind of empiricism The dual critique of materialism and hermeneutic idealism, which effectively demonstrates the necessity and legitimacy of the linguistic turn of critical theory.