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近年来,数学应用问题教育已成为我国数学教育界引人注目的热点问题之一。从世界范围来看,数学应用问题教育受到各国的高度重视,美国提出“问题解决必须成为中学数学的中心,把数学建模纳入中学教材”。日本、瑞典等国也纷纷改革教材,强调培养学生应用数学的意识和解决实际问题的能力[1]。我国新颁布的中职数学教学大纲强调,要加强培养学生应用数学的意识和应用数学解决实际问题的能力。普通高中《数学教学大纲》(试验修订版)也强调:“培养学生的创新意识和实践能力要成为数学教学的一个重要目的和基本原则。”然而,当前数学教育存在的问题不少,其中之一是学生应用数学的意识薄弱,解决实际问题能力较差。虽然对数学教育中渗透数学应用问题已成共识,但教学效果仍不尽人意,致使相当一部分学生认为数学只在课堂上和考试时有用。就此,笔者体会如下。
In recent years, mathematics application education has become one of the hot topics in the mathematics education circle in China. From a worldwide perspective, mathematics application problems education has been highly valued by various countries. The United States proposed “problem resolution must become the center of mathematics in middle school, and mathematics modeling should be incorporated into the teaching materials of middle schools ”. Japan, Sweden, and other countries have also reformed teaching materials, emphasizing the cultivation of students’ awareness of applying mathematics and their ability to solve practical problems [1]. The new secondary vocational mathematics teaching outline in China emphasizes that it is necessary to strengthen students’ awareness of applying mathematics and the ability to apply mathematics to solve practical problems. Ordinary high school “Syllabus for Mathematics” (revised trial version) also emphasizes: “Cultivating students’ innovative awareness and practical ability should become an important goal and basic principle of mathematics teaching.” However, there are many problems in current mathematics education. One of them is the weak awareness of students in applied mathematics and the poor ability to solve practical problems. Although there has been a consensus on the penetration of mathematics applications in mathematics education, the teaching results are still not satisfactory, resulting in a significant proportion of students who believe that mathematics is only useful in class and exams. In this regard, the author understands as follows.