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农业和工业的关系是传统农业社会向现代工业社会转变过程中必须面对的问题。20世纪20～40年代,中国知识界对农工关系进行了长期的讨论。20世纪20年代前半期,知识界基本认为农业和工业缺少关联度,但是到了后半期,出现了农业和工业相倚相辅的思想。20世纪30年代,农业和工业相互促进的思想得到广泛的认同,在此基础上,知识界对乡村工业这一概念进行新阐发,提出了农业工业化和农村工业化等概念。20世纪40年代,知识界认识到农业和工业间的辩证统一关系,进而提出了“平衡发展”的概念,对如何实现农业工业化和农村工业化也进行了深入的讨论。
The relationship between agriculture and industry is a problem that must be faced in the process of transforming the traditional agricultural society into a modern industrial society. In the 1920s and 1940s, Chinese intellectuals held long-term discussions on the relationship between agriculture and industry. In the first half of the 1920s, the intelligentsia basically believed that agriculture and industry lacked a degree of relevance, but in the second half of the year there emerged the idea of complementing agriculture and industry. In the 1930s, the idea of mutual promotion of agriculture and industry was widely accepted. On this basis, the intellectual community made a new analysis of the concept of rural industry and put forward the concepts of agricultural industrialization and rural industrialization. In the 1940s, the intellectuals realized the dialectical unity between agriculture and industry, and then put forward the concept of “balanced development”. They also conducted in-depth discussions on how to realize agricultural industrialization and rural industrialization.