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目的通过调查碘、锌缺乏儿童轻度智力落后及亚临床损伤及治疗情况,为预防儿童亚临床克汀病提供参考依据,促进儿童健康成长。方法本次研究选取2013年1月~2015年12月792例不同病区儿童作为本次研究对象,采用中国联合型瑞文测检图册和农村儿童智商常模测试来判断儿童智商。其中轻病区儿童为308例、中病区儿童为224例、重病区儿童为260例。检测及分析儿童神经系统障碍(听力、精神运动),并检查其甲状腺功能,统计各组亚临床损伤及亚临床克汀病情况。结果经检查分析发现,不同病区所出生儿童间智力落后率相比差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),且轻病区明显低于中、重病区(P<0.05)。轻病区儿童亚临床损伤率为17.2%明显低于中病区30.4%与重病区29.2%(P<0.05)。轻、中、重病区儿童患亚临床克汀病率分别为0.65%、2.68%、1.92%。结论从调查结果来看,碘锌缺乏病中、重病区所出生儿童精神运动、智商水平较轻病区低,且亚临床损伤程度较轻病区严重,因此需及早加强对儿童人群的碘锌元素补充,促进其智力及精神运动发育。
Objective To investigate the situation of iodine and zinc deficiency in children with mild mental retardation and subclinical injury and treatment, and to provide a reference for the prevention of subclinical cretinism in children and promote the healthy growth of children. Methods In this study, 792 children from different ward areas from January 2013 to December 2015 were selected as the study subjects. The children’s IQ was assessed by using the combined Chinese version of Ruvin Atlas and the rural children’s IQ test. Among them, there were 308 children with mild to lesser illness, 224 children with intermediate disease and 260 children with severe disease. Detection and analysis of children with nervous system disorders (hearing, mental activity), and check the thyroid function, statistics of subclinical injury and subclinical cretinism in each group. Results The results showed that there was a significant difference in mental retardation among children born in different ward (P <0.05), and those in mild ward were significantly lower than those in moderate and severe ward (P <0.05). The rate of subclinical injury in children with mild to severe disease was 17.2%, which was significantly lower than that in the disease-free area (30.4% vs 29.2%) (P <0.05). The prevalences of subclinical cretinism among children with mild, moderate and severe diseases were 0.65%, 2.68% and 1.92% respectively. Conclusions From the survey results, among children with iodine deficiency and zinc deficiency, children born in serious ward have lower mental health, lower IQ, lower severity of subclinical lesion, and need to strengthen iodine-zinc Elements added to promote their intellectual and mental development.