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目的分析柳州市某高校一起结核病聚集性疫情的特点,为预防和控制学校结核病的发生和流行提供参考依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法进行三间分布描述,采用自行设计的调查问卷对密切接触者进行回顾性调查,运用结核菌素试验(PPD试验)以及影像学、实验室方法对密切接触者进行筛查和诊断。结果 8例结核病病例,男生5例、女生3例,年龄在20~22岁,集中在经济系(6/8)和南五宿舍(6/8),男生感染率、罹患率均高于女生;密切接触者中,PPD强阳性者无论男、女生锻炼频率均明显低于阴性者,且差异有统计学意义(χ~2=1.54,P=0.21;χ~2=0.78,P=0.38);男生PPD强阳性者经常熬夜比例明显高于阴性者,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=1.16,P=0.28);结核病防治核心知晓率偏低(47.39%);宿舍相对拥挤、卫生环境差、通风效果欠佳。结论传染源和传播途径的长期存在以及易感人群增多是校内肺结核聚集性疫情发生和流行的主要原因。应完善学校环境卫生,提高定点医院医务人员对学生结核病报病的主动性、及时性,有效提高学生体质,加强校内结核病疫情监控、报告及宣传教育等针对性防控措施能够较好地控制疫情。
Objective To analyze the characteristics of a cluster of tuberculosis epidemics in a university in Liuzhou City and provide references for the prevention and control of the occurrence and prevalence of tuberculosis in schools. Methods A descriptive epidemiological method was used to describe the three distributions. A self-designed questionnaire was used to conduct a retrospective survey of close contacts. Tuberculin test (PPD test) and imaging and laboratory tests were performed on close contacts Screening and diagnosis. Results 8 cases of tuberculosis cases, 5 boys and 3 girls, aged 20 to 22 years old, concentrated in the Department of Economics (6/8) and South five quarters (6/8), male prevalence and attack rates were higher than girls In close contacts, both PPD and PPD were significantly lower than those with negative PPD (χ ~ 2 = 1.54, P = 0.21; χ ~ 2 = 0.78, P = 0.38) (Χ ~ 2 = 1.16, P = 0.28). The core awareness rate of tuberculosis prevention and control was low (47.39%). The relatively crowded dormitory and health environment Poor, poor ventilation. Conclusion The long-term existence of infectious agents and routes of transmission and the increase of susceptible population are the main reasons for the occurrence and prevalence of tuberculosis epidemic in school. It is necessary to improve school environmental hygiene, improve the initiative and timeliness of medical staffs in designated hospitals to report their TB, effectively improve students’ physique, strengthen TB surveillance, reporting and publicity and education in schools so as to better control the epidemic .