论文部分内容阅读
目的:探讨住院早产儿预防应用抗菌药物指征,使早产儿预防应用抗菌药物更规范,避免抗菌药物滥用。方法:选择2011年1月至2012年12月广东省东莞市石排医院新生儿科住院的早产儿,其中2011年收治早产儿136例设为对照组,为普遍预防应用抗菌药物组;2012年收治早产儿150例设为观察组,为严格按用药指征预防应用抗菌药物组。分别调查2011年、2012年住院早产儿抗菌药物使用率、不良反应发生率、实际发生感染率、医院感染发生率、人均预防应用抗菌药物费用及人均预防应用抗菌药物时间。结果:观察组预防应用抗菌药物使用率28.7%,对照组预防应用抗菌药物使用率70.5%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组实际感染发生率11.0%,观察照组实际感染发生率8.0%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.77,P>0.05);观察组院内感染发生率5.3%,对照组发生率12.5%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.37,P<0.05)。两组患儿人均预防应用抗菌药物费用、人均预防应用抗菌药物时间比较差异有统计学意义(t分别20.92、20.78,P<0.01)。对照组不良反应发生率21.3%,观察组不良反应发生率12.0%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.27,P<0.01)。结论:严格掌握早产儿预防应用抗菌药物指征,可减少实际感染发生率,同时降低院内感染发生率及抗菌药物不良反应发生率,降低使用抗菌药物费用,减轻了患儿家长的经济负担。
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the indications for the prevention and treatment of antimicrobial agents in premature infants who are hospitalized, to prevent the application of antimicrobial drugs in premature infants and to prevent the abuse of antimicrobial drugs. Methods: January 2011 to December 2012 in Dongguan City, Guangdong Province Shek Pai Hospital Neonatology hospitalized preterm children, of which 136 cases of preterm children admitted in 2011 as a control group, for the general prevention and treatment of antimicrobial drugs group; 2012 150 cases of premature infants as the observation group, in strict accordance with the indications for the prevention and treatment of antimicrobial drugs. The antibacterial drug use rate, incidence of adverse reactions, incidence rate of actual infection, incidence of nosocomial infection, per capita antimicrobial drug consumption per capita, and antimicrobial drug use per capita were investigated respectively in 2011 and 2012 inpatients with preterm infants. Results: The use of antimicrobials in the observation group was 28.7%, while that in the control group was 70.5%. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P <0.05). The incidence of infection in the control group was 11.0%, and the incidence of infection in the observation group was 8.0%. There was no significant difference between the two groups (χ2 = 0.77, P> 0.05). The incidence of nosocomial infection in the observation group was 5.3% 12.5%, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2 = 4.37, P <0.05). Per capita prevention and treatment of antimicrobial drugs in both groups were not statistically significant (t = 20.92, 20.78, P <0.01, respectively). The incidence of adverse reactions in the control group was 21.3%, and the incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was 12.0%. There was significant difference between the two groups (χ2 = 5.27, P <0.01). Conclusion: Strict control of indications of prophylaxis and application of antibiotics in preterm infants can reduce the incidence of actual infection, reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections and the incidence of adverse reactions of antibiotics, reduce the cost of using antimicrobial drugs, and reduce the financial burden on parents of children.