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信息技术领域出现了反思转向,与之相对应,在道德哲学领域出现了实践转向。无论是一般伦理学还是应用伦理学,就道德方法论而言主要有对立的两派,一派是道德一般论者,一派是道德特殊论者。道德一般论者提出的工程模式倡导理论立场,而道德特殊论者则反对这样的立场。这两种立场都是比较极端的。“广泛反思平衡方法”是第三种道德方法论。它既可以克服一般主义工程模式的缺陷,也可以弥补特殊主义和反理论的不足,这正是其“平衡”一词体现出来的内在哲学意蕴。在从事计算机伦理学的研究中,计算机伦理学家或是道德哲学家们也要贯彻“广泛反思平衡”这一方法论,只有这样才能使得计算机伦理学的研究获得真正的辩护。
In the field of information technology, there has been a shift in reflection, and correspondingly, there has been a shift in practice in the field of moral philosophy. Both general and applied ethics have mainly two opposite sides in terms of moral methodology, one is moral generalism and the other is moral specialism. The engineering model proposed by moral generalists advocates a theoretical position, while moral specialists oppose such a position. Both positions are extreme. The Ways to Balance Ways “is the third kind of moral methodology. It can not only overcome the defects of the generalist engineering model, but also make up for the shortcomings of specialism and anti-theory. This is just the intrinsic philosophical implication of the term ”balance“. In the study of computer ethics, computer ethics or moral philosophers should carry out the methodology of ”broadly reflecting on balance". Only in this way can the research of computer ethics get a true defense.