在农业学大寨运动中,虽然“反大寨”的政治压力很大,但还是出现了经营副业、扩大自留地甚至搞包产等“反大寨”行为。广大农民以不易觉察的方式,甚至在受批判的旋涡中,修正、改变或消解着这场运动。学大寨运动中“反行为”的出现,说明人民公社体制已阻碍了生产力的发展;生产中的精神鼓励也不能代替物质刺激;话语宣传与社会认同存有一定的距离。 In the Dazhai Campaign for Agriculture, although there was a lot of political pressure on “opposing Dazhai”, there were still acts of “opposing Dazhai” such as running sideline businesses, expanding private owned land and even engaging in production. The vast majority of peasants amending, changing or dissolving the movement in a way that is imperceptible, even in the vortex of criticism. The emergence of “anti-behavior” in the study of Dazhai’s movement shows that people’s commune system has hindered the development of productive forces; the spiritual encouragement in production can not replace the material stimulus; and there is a certain distance between propaganda and social identity.