目的评价儿童角膜移植术的意义及如何提高手术成功率。方法对３～１４岁儿童角膜炎及机械性损伤致角膜瘢痕性混浊合并白内障、无晶状体眼，先天性角膜混浊及角膜溃疡、穿孔、脓肿等４０例（４２眼），行穿透性角膜移植联合白内障摘除、人工晶状体植入术。术后随访０．７～７．５ａ。结果植片总透明率７３．８％，其中角膜炎症及机械性损伤致瘢痕性混浊者为８１．３％。视力提高率６４．３％，脱盲率４７．６％，脱残率２８．６％。排斥反应发生率２８．６％。结论儿童期角膜移植术有重要的临床意义和社会意义。手术在视功能发育前进行尤为重要。儿童眼球解剖生理特点、术后护理及检查治疗上的困难，是穿透性角膜移植术较成人难度大、成功率低的重要原因，故应在供体选择、手术技巧及术后处理、随访等方面提出更高的要求 Objective To evaluate the significance of children’s corneal transplantation and how to improve the success rate of surgery. Methods Forty children (40 eyes) with corneal cicatrization and cataract, aphakia, congenital corneal opacity, corneal ulcer, perforation and abscess caused by keratitis and mechanical injury in children aged 3-14 years underwent penetrating keratoplasty Combined cataract extraction, intraocular lens implantation. Postoperative follow-up 0.7 ~ 7.5a. Results The total transparence of the grafts was 73.8%, of which the keratitis and cicatricial turbidity caused by mechanical injury were 81.3%. Eyesight improvement rate of 64.3%, literacy rate of 47.6%, disability rate of 28.6%. The rejection rate was 28.6%. Conclusion Childhood corneal transplantation has important clinical significance and social significance. Surgery before visual function development is particularly important. Eye anatomy and physiological characteristics of children, postoperative care and examination and treatment difficulties, penetrating keratoplasty is more difficult than adults, the success rate is low and therefore an important reason, it should be in the donor selection, surgical techniques and postoperative management, follow-up And other aspects put forward higher requirements