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通过对中美两国国际航行船舶卫生监督的比较,认为中美两国对国际航行船舶卫生监督都是以其本国的法律作为依据,但在法规上中国对国际航行船舶实施卫生监督更明确。从船舶卫生监督内容制定来看,都是以《国际卫生条例》、世界卫生组织编写的《船舶卫生指南》为基础,结合本国法律法规来制定的;从船舶卫生监督内容来看,中美两国对国际航行船舶卫生监督的主要内容是一致的,但美国监督项目更细、更明确、更具公正性;从船舶卫生监督的重点来看,美国对水的卫生、食品卫生及个人卫生非常重视,而我国对媒介控制、环境卫生、传染病控制比较重视,从评价标准来看,都是以打分来评估,但又有区别,且有效期不一样;从船舶卫生监督方法来看,都是以询问、检查证书、现场检查及抽样、采样检查等方法来检查的;从卫生监督没有达到及格船舶处理来看,一般都允许整改后,再进行检查,但对有严重卫生问题的船舶进行不同处罚。
By comparing the health supervision of international navigation vessels between China and the United States, it is considered that both China and the United States rely on their own laws for the health supervision over international navigation vessels. However, China is more explicit in its laws and regulations on the health supervision over international navigation vessels. From the perspective of the formulation of the ship’s hygiene supervision, all are based on the “International Health Regulations” and the “Ship Health Guide” written by the World Health Organization, in accordance with the laws and regulations of our country. From the content of the ship’s hygiene supervision, The main contents of the health supervision of ships on international voyages are the same, but the monitoring programs in the United States are finer, more specific and fair. From the point of view of the ship health surveillance, the United States has a great influence on water sanitation, food hygiene and personal hygiene Attention, and our country on media control, environmental health, infectious disease control more attention, from the evaluation criteria, are scored to assess, but there are differences, and the validity is not the same; from the ship health supervision methods are Inquiries, inspection certificates, on-site inspection and sampling, sampling and other methods to check; from the health supervision did not meet the passing of the ship point of view, are generally allowed to rectify, and then check, but for serious health problems in different ships Punishment.