AIM: To study the effect of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn on the proliferation and hematonic mechanism of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn. Methods: The techniques of culture of hematopoietic cell and hematopoietic growth factor (HGF) assay were used. The method of semi-solid culture with methylcellulose of CFU-GM, CFU-E, BFU-E,CFU-Meg was adopted in bone marrow depressed mice which treated with Spatholobus suberectus Dunn for a long time. Results: Spatholobus suberectus Dunn could obviously promote the proliferation of bone marrow cells and spleen lymphocytes in healthy and anaemic mice. The culture medium of spleen cell, macrophage, lung and skeletal muscle treated with Spatholobus suberectus Dunn had much stronger stimulating effects on hematopoietic cells. The numbers of CFU-GM, CFU-E,BFU-E,CFU-Meg in bone marrow depressed mice were raised distinctly under the control of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn as compared with those of contrast group. Conclusions: Spatholobus suberectus Dunn may enhance hematopoiesis by stimulating directly and/or indirectly stroma cell in hematopoietic inductive microenvironment and muscle tissue to secrete some HGF (Epo, GM-CSF, IL, and MK-CSF). It can promote the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells in anaemic mice. This is one of the biological mechanisms for hematonic effect of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn.