目的了解新疆不同经济发展区汉族中小学生身体机能和素质指标间存在的差异及其原因,为新疆不同地区汉族中小学生健康水平提供客观依据。方法按照全国学生体质健康调研的原则将研究对象分为省会城市(好片)、经济较发达地区(中片)和经济欠发达地区(差片),共测试7 167名学生,对测试结果进行单因素方差分析,比较三地区中小学生身体机能发育情况。结果男生在7~16、18岁年龄段好、中、差片脉搏相比较差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.01),在16岁年龄段好片与差片差异最大为5.99次/min;男生在7、9、10、13岁年龄段好、中、差片50m跑相比较差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.01),其它年龄段差异不具有统计学意义;女生在7~15岁年龄段脉搏均值中片明显高于好片和差片;女生在7、9~18岁年龄段好、中、差片肺活量相比较差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.01);女生在7~18岁年龄段好、中、差片舒张压相比较差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.01);女生在7、9、12、15~18岁年龄段好、中、差片相应的耐力跑成绩相比较差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论应进一步加强体育锻炼,合理膳食、体质干预,缩小不同地区间中小学生体质上存在的差异,进一步提高新疆汉族中小学生的健康水平。 Objective To understand the differences and their causes between the primary and secondary school students in primary and secondary schools in different economic development zones in Xinjiang and provide an objective basis for the health of primary and secondary school students in different areas of Xinjiang. Methods According to the principles of National Students Physical Health Survey, the subjects were divided into provincial capital cities (good films), economically developed areas (middle films) and economically underdeveloped areas (poor films), a total of 7,167 students were tested, the test results were carried out One-way ANOVA was used to compare the physical development of primary and secondary school students in three regions. Results There was a statistically significant difference between male and female in the age range of 7 to 16 and 18 with good, medium and poor pulse (P <0.01). The difference between good and bad film was 5.99 times per minute at the age of 16. There was a statistically significant difference between boys at the age of 7, 9, 10, and 13 years (P <0.01), but no difference was found in other age groups There was a significant difference in the vital capacity of the girls among the ages of 7 and 9 to 18 years (P <0.01) There was a significant difference in diastolic blood pressure between the 18-year-old age group and the middle-aged and the poor (P <0.01). The endurance performance of the girls in the 7, 9, 12 and 15-18 age groups was good There was a statistically significant difference between the scores (P <0.01). Conclusion Physical exercise, reasonable diet and physical intervention should be further strengthened to reduce the difference in physical constitution among primary and secondary school students in different regions so as to further improve the health of primary and secondary school students in Xinjiang.