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目的探讨0~6岁听力损失患儿的发现年龄、发现途径及其听力特点。方法自制调查问卷表,随机对在北京同仁医院就诊的265例双侧听力损失患儿的一般情况、发现年龄、发现途径和听力损失程度等进行问卷调查,并对其听力进行确认,相关数据作了统计学分析。结果265例听力损失患儿的平均(x-±s,下同)发现年龄(23·21±10·02)个月,平均首诊年龄(28·01±13·41)个月;从性别和地区分析,女孩的平均发现年龄(27·11±13·13)个月,较男孩的(21·03±12·32)个月晚约6·1个月(t=2·421,P<0·05),农村地区听力损失患儿的平均发现年龄为(28·27±11·09)个月,较城市听力损失患儿的(19·52±13·05)个月晚8·65个月(t=-3·675,P>0·05)。从发现途径分析,通过言语发育异常被发现的听力损失患儿较其他途径的发现年龄晚(P>0·05);从听力损失程度分析,听力损失程度轻度和中度比极重度者发现年龄晚(P<0·05)。结论普通耳科门诊就诊听力损失患儿的平均发现年龄和首诊年龄都比较晚,特别是农村地区及听力损失程度轻者尤为突出。因此,推行新生儿及婴幼儿听力损失的早期筛查和干预,加强耳聋知识的宣传,提高家长的防聋治聋意识,是非常有必要的。
Objective To investigate the age, the way of finding and the hearing characteristics of children with hearing loss of 0 ~ 6 years old. Methods A questionnaire of self-made questionnaire was randomly selected from 265 children with bilateral hearing loss in Beijing Tongren Hospital to survey the general situation, the age, the way of finding and the degree of hearing loss, and to confirm their hearing. The related data Statistical analysis. Results The mean age at onset of hearing loss (265s ± 10.2s) and average first diagnosis age (28 · 01 ± 13 · 41s) in 265 children with hearing loss were (27.11 ± 13.13) months, compared with boys (21.03 ± 12.32) months and 6.1 months (t = 2. 421, P <0.05). The average age of children with hearing loss in rural areas was (28.27 ± 11.09) months compared with that of urban hearing-impaired children (19.5 ± 13.5) 65 months (t = -3.675, P> 0.05). From the analysis of the path of discovery, children with hearing loss found through abnormal speech development were younger than those found by other means (P> 0.05). From the analysis of hearing loss, mild to moderate hearing loss and moderate to severe The age was late (P <0.05). Conclusion The average age at diagnosis and hearing loss of ordinary ear clinic patients are relatively late, especially in rural areas and those with mild hearing loss. Therefore, the promotion of early screening of neonatal and infant hearing loss and intervention to enhance publicity of deaf knowledge, improve parental awareness of deafness is very necessary.