本文试图建立一种统一的国有企业理论,以剖析由国家所有权导致的经济问题。本文的中心观点为:国有企业是一种有明显的外部性的非纯公共物品,它隐含着公共政策的涵义。典型的国有企业具有内在的公共物品特征:非排他性和非竞争性。由这两个特征导致的外部性降低了整个经济的经济效率。对转型经济中的企业改革来说,要解决外部性问题,提高国有企业的效率,运用科斯定理库是最好的方案。 This article attempts to establish a unified theory of state-owned enterprises to analyze the economic problems caused by state ownership. The central point of this paper is that state-owned enterprise is a kind of non-pure public goods with obvious externality, which implies the meaning of public policy. Typical state-owned enterprises have inherent characteristics of public goods: non-exclusive and non-competitive. The externalities caused by these two characteristics reduce the economic efficiency of the entire economy. For the enterprise reform in the transitional economy, it is the best plan to solve the problem of externalities and improve the efficiency of state-owned enterprises.