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自1966年山形等经细胞学诊断报告一例早期食道癌以来,至1981年的15年中,总共记载不过245例。这主要与早期食道癌的前驱症状轻微不易觉察,以及食道癌的知识普及不够等社会因素有关。目前,食道癌的诊断方法主要有X线、内窥镜、细胞学检查等,一般诊断率较高,但检查尚不普及,有待于建立象中国那样的普查体制。特别对60岁以上的男性患者,是“高危险群”,应予注意。现将早期诊断的新方法——胶囊法食道细胞学检查和卢戈氏染色内窥镜检查法介绍如下:
Since 199 cases of Yamagata et al. reported a case of early esophageal cancer, a total of 245 cases were not recorded until 15 years of 1981. This is mainly related to the fact that the prodromal symptoms of early esophageal cancer are slightly undetectable, as well as social factors such as insufficient knowledge of esophageal cancer. At present, the diagnostic methods for esophageal cancer include X-ray, endoscopy, cytology, etc. The general diagnosis rate is high, but the examination is not yet universal, and it is still necessary to establish a census system like China. Especially for men over the age of 60, it is a “high risk group” and should be noted. The new methods of early diagnosis, the capsule method for esophageal cytology and Lugol’s staining endoscopy, are described below: